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Encyclopedia Britannica



BACKSCRATCHER

This article appears in Volume V03, Page 135 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: AUD-BAI
BACKSCRATCHER , a long slender rod of
wood
 , whalebone, tortoiseshell, horn or cane, with a carved human hand, usually of ivory, mounted at the extremity. Its name suggests the primary use of the implement, but little is known of its history, and it was unquestionably also employed as a kind of rake to keep in order the huge " heads " of powdered
hair
  worn by ladies during a considerable portion of the 18th and the early part of the loth centuries. The backscratcher varies in length from 12 to 20 in., and the more elaborate examples,which were occasionally hung from the waist, are silver-mounted, and in rare instances the ivory fingers
bear
  carved rings. The hand is sometimes outstretched, and sometimes the fingers are flexed; the modelling is frequently good, the fingers delicately formed and the nails well defined. As a
rule
  the rod is finished off with a knob. The hand was now and again replaced by a rake or a bird's claw. The hand was indifferently dexter or sinister, but the Chinese variety usually bears a right hand. Like most of the obsolete appliances of daily life, the backscratcher, or scratch-back, as it is sometimes called, has become scarce, and it is one of the innumerable objects which attract the attention of the modern collector.
BACK'S RIVER (Thlewechodyelh, or "
Great
  Fish"), a river in Mackenzie and
Keewatin
  districts, Canada, rising in Sussex lake, a small
body
  of water in 1o8 2o' W. and 64 25' N., and flowing with a very tortuous course N.E. to an inlet of the Arctic Ocean, passing through several large lake-expansionsPelly, Garry, MacDougall and Franklin. Like the Coppermine, the only other large river of this part of Canada, it is rendered unnavigable by a succession of rapids and rocks. It was discovered and explored by Sir George Back in 1834. Its total length is 56o m.


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