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Encyclopedia Britannica



AYUTHIA

This article appears in Volume V03, Page 78 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: AUD-BAI
AYUTHIA , a city of Siam, now known to the Siamese as Krung Kao or " the Old
Capital
 ," situated in 100 32' E., 14 21' N. Pop. about 1o,000. The river Me Nam, broken up into a network of creeks, here surrounds a large
island
  upon which stand the ruins of the famous city which was for more than four centuries the
capital
  of Siam. The bulk of the inhabitants live in the floating houses characteristic of lower Siam, using as thorough-fares the creeks to the edges of which the houses are moored. The ruins of the old city are of
great
  archaeological
interest
 , as are the relics, of which a large collection is housed in the local museum. Outside the town is an ancient masonry enclosure for the capture of elephants, which is still periodically used. Ayuthia is on the northern main line Di the state railways, 42 M. from Bangkok.
Great
  quantities of paddi are annually sent by river and rail to Bangkok, in return for which cloth and other goods are imported to
supply
  the wants of the agriculturist peasantry. There is no other trade. Ayuthia is the
chief
  town of one of the richest agricultural provincial divisions of Siam and is the headquarters of a high
commissioner
 . The government offices occupy spacious buildings, once a royal summer
retreat
 ; the government is that of an
ordinary
  provincial division (Monton).
Historically Ayuthia is the most interesting spot in Siam. Among the innumerable ruins may be seen those of palaces, pagodas, churches and fortifications, the departed glories of which are recorded in the writings of the early European travellers who first brought Siam within the knowledge of the West, and laid the
foundations
  of the present foreign intercourse and trade. The town was twice destroyed by the Burmese, once in 1555 and again in 1767, and from the date of the second destruction it ceased to be the capital of the country.


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