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Encyclopedia Britannica



AXINITE

This article appears in Volume V03, Page 68 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: AUD-BAI
AXINITE , a
mineral
  consisting of a complex
aluminium
  and
calcium
  boro-silicate with a small amount of basic hydrogen; the
calcium
  is partly replaced in varying amounts by ferrous iron and manganese, and the
aluminium
  by ferric iron: the
formula
  is HCa3BAl2(SiO4)4. The
mineral
  was named (from &eivrg an axe) by R. J. flatly in 1799, on account of the
char
 -
acteristic thin wedge-like form of its anorthic crystals. The colour is usually clove-brown, but rarely it has a violet tinge (on this account the mineral was named yanolite, meaning violet stone, by J. C. Delametherie in 1792). The best specimens are afforded by the beautifully developed transparent glassy crystals, found with albite, prehnite and quartz, in a zone of amphibolite and chlorite-schists at Le Bourg d'Oisans in Dauphine. It is found in the greenstone and hornblende-schists of Batallack Head near St Just in
Cornwall
 , and in diabase in the Harz; and small ones in Maine and in
Northampton
  county,
Pennsylvania
 , U.S.A. Large crystals have also been found in Japan. In its occurrence in basic rather than in acid eruptive rocks, axinite differs from the boro-silicate tourmaline, which is usually found in granite. The specific gravity is 3.28. The hardness of 62-7, combined with the colour and transparency, renders axinite applicable for use as a gem-stone, the Dauphine crystals being occasionally cut for this purpose. (L. J. S.)


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