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Encyclopedia Britannica



AURANGABAD, or AURUNGABAD

This article appears in Volume V02, Page 922 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: AUD-BAI
AURANGABAD, or AURUNGABAD , a city of India, in the dominions of the nizam of Hyderabad, north-west division, situated 138 m. from Poona, 207 from Bombay via Poona, and 270 from Hyderabad on the river Kaum. It gives its name to a
district
 . It was founded in 161o, under the name of Fatchnagar, by Malik Ambar, an Abyssinian, who had risen from the
condition
  of a slave to
great
  influence. Subsequently it became the
capital
  of the Mogul conquests in the
south
  of India. Aurangzeb, who erected here a
mausoleum
  to his wife which has been compared to the Taj at
Agra
 , made the city the seat of his government during his viceroyalty of the Deccan, and gave it the name of Aurangabad. It thus grew into the principal city of an extensive province of the same name, stretching westward to the sea, and comprehending nearly the whole of the territory now comprised within the northern division of the presidency of Bombay. Aurangabad long continued to be the
capital
  of the succession of potentates bearing the modern title of nizam, after those chiefs became independent of Delhi. They abandoned it subsequently, and transferred their capital to Hyderabad, when the town at once began to decline. Aurangabad is a railway station on the Hyderabad-Godavari line, 435 M. from Bombay. In 1901 the population, with military cantonments, was 36,837, showing an increase of 8 % in the decade. It has a
cotton
  mill.
The
district
  of Aurangabad has an area of 6172 sq. m. The population in 1901 was 721,407. It contains the famous caves of Ajanta, and also the battlefield of Assaye.


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