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Encyclopedia Britannica



AUGITE

This article appears in Volume V02, Page 902 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: AUD-BAI
AUGITE , an important member of the
pyroxene
  (q.v.) group of
rock
 -forming minerals. The name (from ai )al, lustre) has at various times been used in different senses; it is now applied to aluminous pyroxenes of the monoclinic
series
  which are dark-greenish, brownish or black in colour. Like the other pyroxenes it is characterized crystallographically by its distinct cleavages parallel to the prism-faces (M), the
angle
  between which is 87. A typical crystal is represented in fig. 1, whilst fig. 2 shows a crystal twinned on -
the orthopinacoid (r'). Such crystals, of short prismatic habit and black in colour, are common as phenocrysts in many basalts, and are hence known as " basaltic augite ": when the containing
rock
  weathers to a clayey material the
augite is left as black FIG. I. FIG. 2. isolated crystals, and
such specimens, usually from Bohemia, are represented in all
mineral
  collections. Though typical of basaltic rocks, augite is also an important constituent of many other kinds of igneous rocks, and a rock composed almost wholly of augite is known as augitite. It also occurs in metamorphic rocks; for example, in the crystalline limestones of the Fassathal in
Tirol
 , where the variety known as fassaite is found as pistachio-green crystals resembling
epidote
  in
appearance
 .
Chemically, augite resembles
diopside
  in consisting mainly of CaMg5i2O6, but it contains in addition alumina and ferric iron as (Mg, Fe") (Al, Fe"')2 SiO6; the acmite (NaFe"'Si2O6)
and jadeite (NaAlSi2O6) molecules are also sometimes present. Variations in the amount of iron in mixtures of these isomorphous molecules are accompanied by variations in the optical characters of the augite. (L. J. S.)


End of Article: AUGITE


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