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Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: ARN-AUD |
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ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ") , in psychology, the concentration of consciousness upon a definite object or objects. The result is brought about, not by effecting any change in the perceptions themselves, but simply by isolating them from other objects. Since all consciousness involves this isolation, attention may be defined generally as the necessary condition of consciousness. Such a definition, however, throws no light upon the nature of the psychological process, which is partly explained by the general law that the greater the number of objects on which attention is concentrated the less will each receive (" pluribus intentus, minor est ad singula sensus "), and conversely. There are also special
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change in pleasurable or painful sensations. Secondly, an exercise of volition is employed in fixing the mind upon a definite object. This is a purely voluntary act, which can be strengthened by habit and is variable in different individuals; to it the name " attention " is sometimes restricted. The distinction is ex-pressed by the words " reflex " or " passive," and " volitional " or " active." It is important to notice that in every case of attention to an object, there must be in consciousness an implicit apprehension of surrounding objects from which the particular object is isolated. These objects are known as the " psychic fringe," and are essential to the systematic unity of the attention-process. Attempts have been made to examine the attention-process from the physiological standpoint by investigating the muscular and neural changes which accompany it, and even to assign to it a specific local centre. It has, for example, been remarked that uniformity of environment, resulting in practically automatic activity, produces mental equilibrium and the comparative
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See G. F. Stout, Analytic Psychology (London, 1896), especially part ii. chap. 2; also PSYCHOLOGY, BRAIN, &C.End of Article: ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ") If you wish, you can link directly to this article.
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