ASYLUM (from Gr. b.-, privative, arid earl, right'of seizure)

This article appears in Volume V02, Page 821 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: ARN-AUD

ASYLUM (from Gr. b.-, privative, arid earl, right'of seizure) , a place of

refuge

REFUGE

. In ancient

Greece

GREECE

, an asylum was an inviolable "

refuge

REFUGE

for persons fleeing from pursuit and in search of protection. In a general sense, all Greek temples" and altars were inviolable, that is, it was a religious crime to remove by force any person or thing once under the protection of a deity: But it was only in the case of a small number of temples that this protecting right of a deity was recognized with, common consent. Such were the sanctuaries of Zeus

Lycaeus

LYCAEUS (Mons Lycaeus, Airxawv opos: mod. Diaphorti)

in Arcadia, of Poseidon in . the

island

ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

of Calauria, and of Apollo at Delos; they were, however, numerous in

Asia

ASIA

Minor

. They guaranteed absolute security to the suppliant within their limits. The right of sanctuary,: originally possessed by all temples;: appears to have become limited to a few in consequence of abuses of it. Asylums in this sense were peculiar to the Greeks. The asylum of

Romulus

ROMULUS

(Livy i..8), which was probably the altar of Veiovis, cannot be considered as such. Under Roman dominion, the rights of existing Greek sanctuaries were at first confirmed, but their number was considerably reduced by Tiberius. Under the Empire, the statues of the emperors and the eagles:. of the legions were made refuges against acts of violence. Generally speaking, the classes of persons who claimed the rights of asylum were slaves who had been maltreated by their masters, soldiers defeated and pursued by the enemy, and criminals who feared a trial or who had escaped before sentence was passed. . (See treatises De Asylis Graecis, by Forster, 1847; Jaenisch, x868; Barth, 1.888.)
With the

establishment

ESTABLISHMENT (0. Fr. establissement, Fr. etablissement,
late
- LATE
Norm. Fr. establishement, from O. Fr. establir, Fr. etablir, Lat. stabilire, to make stable)

of Christianity, the custom of asylum or sanctuary (q.v.) became attached to the church or churchyard. In modern times the word asylum has come to mean an institu4 tion providing shelter or refuge for any class, of afflicted 01' destitute persons, such as the blind, deaf and dumb, &c., but more particularly the insane, (See

INSANITY

INSANITY (from Lat. in, not, and sanus, sound)

.)

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