ASCHAFFENBURG

This article appears in Volume V02, Page 720 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: ARN-AUD

ASCHAFFENBURG , a town of Germany, in the kingdom of Bavaria, on the right bank of the Main, at its confluence with the Aschaff, near the foot of the Spessart, 26 In. by rail S.E. of Frankfort-on-Main. Pop. (Igoo) 18,01; (1905) 25,275. Its

chief

CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

buildings are the Johannisburg, built (16051614) by Archbishop Schweikard of Cronberg, which contains a library with a number of incunabula, a collection of engravings and paintings; the Stiftskirche, or cathedral, founded in 98o by Otto of Bavaria, but dating in the main from the early 12th and the 13th centuries, in which are preserved various monuments by the Vischers, and a sarcophagus,,with the relics of St Margaret (1540); the Capuchin

hospital

; a theatre, which was formerly the

house

HOUSE
HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in
Gothic
- GOTHIC
it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

of the Teutonic order; and several mansions of the German

nobility

NOBILITY

. The town, which has been remarkable for its educational establishments since the loth century, has a gymnasium, lyceum, seminarium and other schools. There is an archaeological museum in the old abbey buildings. The graves of Klemens Brentano and his brother Christian (d. 1851) are in the churchyard; and Wilhelm Heinse is buried in the town. Coloured and white

paper

PAPER
PAPER (Fr. papier, from Lat. papyrus)

, ready-made clothing, cellulose, tobacco, lime and liqueurs are the

chief

CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

manufactures, while a considerable export trade is done down the Main in

wood

, cattle and wine.
Aschaffenburg, called in the middle ages Aschafaburg and also Askenburg, was originally a Roman settlement. The loth and 23rd Roman legions had their station here, and on the ruins of their castrum the Frankish mayors of the palace built a castle. Bonifacius erected a chapel to St Martin, and founded a

Benedictine

BENEDICTINE

monastery. A stone bridge over the Main was built by Archbishop Willigis in 989. Adalbert increased the importance of the town in various ways about 1122. In 1292 a synod was held here, and in 1474 an imperial diet, preliminary to that of Vienna, in which the

concordat

CONCORDAT (Lat. concordatum, agreed upon, from con-, together, and cor, heart)

was decided which has therefore been sometimes called the Aschaffenburg

Concordat

CONCORDAT (Lat. concordatum, agreed upon, from con-, together, and cor, heart)

.
The town suffered greatly during the Thirty Years' War, being held in turn by the various belligerents. In 18421849, King Louis built himself to the west of the town a country

house

HOUSE
HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in
Gothic
- GOTHIC
it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

, called the Pompeianum, from its being an imitation of the house of Castor and Pollux at Pompeii. In 1866 the Prussians inflicted a severe defeat on the Austrians in the neighbourhood.
The principality of Aschaffenburg, deriving its name from the city, comprehended an area of 654 English sq. m. It formed part of the electorate of Mainz, and in 1803 was made over to the archchancellor, Archbishop Charles of Dalberg. In 18o6 it was annexed to the grand-duchy of Frankfort; and in 1814 was transferred to Bavaria, in virtue of a treaty concluded on the 19th of June between that power and Austria. With lower Franconia, it now forms a

district

DISTRICT

of the kingdom of Bavaria.

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