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Encyclopedia Britannica



ARTICHOKE

This article appears in Volume V02, Page 684 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: ARN-AUD
ARTICHOKE . The common artichoke, Cynara, scolymus, is a plant belonging to the natural order
Compositae
 , having some resemblance to a large
thistle
 . It has
long
  been esteemed as a culinary vegetable ; the parts chiefly employed being the immature receptacle or floret disk, with the lower
part
  of the surrounding
leaf
 -scales, which are known as "artichoke bottoms." In Italy the receptacles, dried, are largely used in soups; those of the cultivated plant as Carciofo domestico, and of the wild variety as Carciofo spinoso.
The Jerusalem artichoke, Helianthus tuberosus, is a distinct plant belonging to the same order, cultivated for its tubers. It closely resembles the
sunflower
 , and its popular name is a corruption of the Italian Girasole Articiocco, the
sunflower
  artichoke. It is a native of Canada and the north-eastern United States, and was cultivated by the aborigines. The tubers are
rich
  in the carbohydrate inulin and in
sugar
 .
The name is derived from the northern Italian articiocco, or arciciocco, modern carciofo; these words come, through the Spanish, from the Arabic al-kharshiif. False etymology has corrupted the word in many languages: it has been derived in
English
  from " choke," and " heart," or the Latin hortus, a
garden
 ; and in French, the form artichaut has been connected with chaud, hot, and thou, a cabbage.


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