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Encyclopedia Britannica



ARNICA

This article appears in Volume V02, Page 630 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: APO-ARN
ARNICA , a genus of
plants
  belonging to the natural order
Compositae
 , and containing 18 species, mostly north-west American. The most important species is Arnica .montana (
mountain
  tobacco), a perennial herb found in upland meadows in northern and central Europe (but not extending to Britain), and on the mountains of western and central Europe.' A closely allied species (A. angustifolia), with very narrow leaves, is met with in Arctic
Asia
  and America. The heads of
flowers
  are large, 2 to 2 in. across, orange-yellow in colour; and borne on the summit of the
stem
  or branches; the outer ray-
flowers
  are an inch in length. The achenes (fruits) are brown and hairy, and are crowned by a tuft of stiffish hairs (pappus). The root-stock of A. montana is tough, slender, of a dark brown colour and an inch or two in length. It gives off numerous simple roots from its under side, and shows on its upper side the remains of rosettes of leaves. It yields an essential oil in small quantity, and a resinous matter called arnicin,.C12H2202, a yellow crystal-line substance with an acrid
taste
 . The tincture prepared from it is an old remedy which has a popular reputation in the treatment of bruises and sprains. The plant was introduced into
English
  gardens about the middle of the 18th
century
 , but is not often grown; it is a handsome plant for a rockery.


End of Article: ARNICA


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