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Encyclopedia Britannica



ARISTOPHANES

This article appears in Volume V02, Page 501 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: APO-ARN
ARISTOPHANES , of Byzantium, Greek critic and grammarian, was born about 257 B.C. He removed early to Alexandria, where he studied under Zenodotus and Callimachus. At the age of sixty he was appointed
chief
  librarian of the museum. He died about 185-18o B.C. Aristophanes chiefly devoted himself to the poets, especially
Homer
 , who had already been edited by his master Zenodotus. He also edited
Hesiod
 , the
chief
  lyric, tragic and comic poets, arranged Plato's dialogues in trilogies, and abridged Aristotle's Nature of Animals. His arguments to the plays of Aristophanes and the tragedians are in
great
  part preserved. His works on Athenian courtesans, masks and
proverbs
  were the results of his study of Attic comedy. He further commented on the Iltvawes of Callimachus, a sort of history of Greek literature. As a lexicographer, Aristophanes compiled collections of foreign and unusual words and expressions, and
special
  lists (words denoting relationship, modes of address). As a grammarian, he founded a scientific school, and in his Analogy systematically explained the various forms. He introduced
critical
  signsexcept the obelus; punctuation prosodiacal, and accentual marks were probably already in use. The foundation of the so-called Alexandrian " canon " was also due to his impulses(Sandys, Hist. Class. Schol., ed. 1906, 1. 129 f.).
Nauck, Aristophanis Byzantii Grammatici Fragmenta (1848).


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