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Encyclopedia Britannica



ARISTARCHUS

This article appears in Volume V02, Page 494 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: APO-ARN
ARISTARCHUS , of Samothrace (c. 220143 B.C.), Greek grammarian and critic, flourished about 155. He settled early in Alexandria, where he studied under Aristophanes of Byzantium, whom he succeeded as librarian of the museum. On the accession of the tyrant
Ptolemy
  Physcon (his former pupil), he found his life in danger and withdrew to Cyprus, where he died from dropsy, hastened, it is said, by voluntary starvation, at the age of 72. Aristarchus founded a school of philologists, called after him "Aristarcheans," which long flourished in Alexandria and afterwards at Rome. He is said to have written Boo commentaries alone, without reckoning
special
  treatises. He edited Hesiod,
Pindar
 , Aeschylus, Sophocles and other authors; but his
chief
  fame rests on his
critical
  and exegetical edition of
Homer
 , practically the foundation of our present recension. In the time of
Augustus
 , two Aristarcheans, Didymus and Aristonicus, undertook the revision of his
work
 , and the extracts from these two writers in the Venetian scholia to the Iliad give an idea of Aristarchus's Homeric labours. To obtain a thoroughly correct text, he marked with an obelus the lines he considered spurious; other signs were used by him to indicate notes, varieties of reading, repetitions and interpolations. He arranged the Iliad and the Odyssey in twenty-four books as we now have them. As a commentator his principle was that the author should explain himself, without recourse to allegorical interpretation; in grammar, he laid
chief
  stress on analogyand uniformity of usage and construction. His views were opposed by Crates of Mallus, who wrote a treatise Ilepi 'Avwakias, especially directed against them.
See Lehrs, De Aristarchi Stud. Homericis (3rd ed., 1882) ; Ludwich, Aristarchs homerische Textcritik (1884); especially Sandys, Hist. of Class. Schol. (ed. 1906), vol. i. with authorities; also
HoMER
 .


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