ARGUMENT

This article appears in Volume V02, Page 483 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: APO-ARN

ARGUMENT , a word meaning "proof," "evidence," corresponding in

English

ENGLISH

to the Latin word argumentum, from which it is derived; the originating Latin verb arguere, to make clear, from which comes the

English

ENGLISH

" argue," is from a root meaning

bright

BRIGHT, JOHN (1811-188g)
BRIGHT, SIR CHARLES TILSTON

, appearing in Greek apyils,

white

. From its primary sense are derived such applications of the word as a

chain

CHAIN (through the O. Fr. citable, chcene, &c., from Lat. catena)

of reasoning, a fact or reason given to support a proposition, a discussion of the evidence or reasons for or against some theory or proposition and the like. More particularly " argument " means a synopsis of the contents of a book, the outline of a novel, play, &c. In logic it is used for the middle

term

TERM

in a syllogism, and for many species of fallacies, such as the argumentum ad hominem, ad baculum, &c. (see FALLACY). In mathematics the

term

TERM

has received

special

SPECIAL

meanings ; in mathematical tables
the " argument " is the quantity upon which the other quantities in the table are made to depend; in the theory of complex variables, e.g. such as a+ib where i=V% the " argument " (or "

amplitude

AMPLITUDE (from Lat. amplus, large)

") is the

angle

ANGLE (from the Lat. angulus, a corner, a diminutive, of which the primitive form,
angus
- ANGUS, EARLS OF
, does not occur in Latin; cognate are the Lat. angere, to compress into a bend or to strangle, and the Gr. ayKOS, a bend; both connected with the Aryan root ank-, to

8 given by tan 8 = b/a. In astronomy, the term is used in connexion with the Ptolemaic theory to denote the angular distance on the epicycle of a

planet

PLANET (Gr. ssXavirrns, a wanderer)

from the true apogee of the epicycle; and the " equation to the argument " is the

angle

ANGLE (from the Lat. angulus, a corner, a diminutive, of which the primitive form,
angus
- ANGUS, EARLS OF
, does not occur in Latin; cognate are the Lat. angere, to compress into a bend or to strangle, and the Gr. ayKOS, a bend; both connected with the Aryan root ank-, to

subtended at the earth by the distance of a

planet

PLANET (Gr. ssXavirrns, a wanderer)

from the centre of the epicycle.

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