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Encyclopedia Britannica



ARCHPRIEST (Lat. archipresbyter, Gr. apxtirpec/3urepos)

This article appears in Volume V02, Page 446 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: APO-ARN
ARCHPRIEST (Lat. archipresbyter, Gr. apxtirpec/3urepos) , in the Christian
Church
 , originally the title of the
chief
  of the priests in a diocese. The office appears as early as the 4th century as that of the priest who presided over the presbyters of the diocese and assisted the
bishop
  in matters of public
worship
 , much as the archdeacon helped him in administrative affairs. Where, as in Germany, the dioceses were of vast extent, these were divided into several archpresbyterates. Out of these developed the rural deaneries, the office of archpriest being ultimately merged in that of rural dean, with which it became synonymous. It thus became strictly subordinate to the
jurisdiction
  of the archdeacon. In Rome itself, as the office of archdeacon grew into that of cardinal-camerlengo, so that of archpriest of St Peter's developed into that of the cardinal-
vicar
 . In England from 1598 until the appointment of a
vicar
 -apostolic in 1623 the Roman Catholic clergy were placed by the
pope
  under an " archpriest " as superior of the English mission. In the Lutheran
Church
  in Germany the title archpriest (Erzpriester) was in some cases
long
  retained as the equivalent of that of superintendent, sometimes also still called dean (Dechant), his functions being much the same as those of the rural dean.


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