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Encyclopedia Britannica



APRAKSIN, THEDOR MATVYEEVICH (1671-1728)

This article appears in Volume V02, Page 230 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: APO-ARN
APRAKSIN, THEDOR MATVYEEVICH (1671-1728) , Russian soldier, began life as one of the pages of Tsar
Theodore
  III., after whose death he served the little tsar Peter in the same capacity. The playfellowship of the two lads resulted in a lifelong friendship. In his twenty-first year Apraksin was appointed
governor
  of Archangel, then the most important commercially of all the Russian provinces, and built ships capable of weathering storms, to the
great
  delight of the tsar. He won his colonelcy at the siege of
Azov
  (1696). In 1700 he was appointed
chief
  of the admiralty,
in which post (from 1700 to 1706) his unusual technical ability was of
great
  service. While Peter was combating Charles XII., Apraksin was constructing fleets, building fortresses and havens (Taganrog). In 1707 he was transferred to Moscow. In 1708 he was appointed
commander
 -in-
chief
  in Ingria, to defend the new
capital
  against the Swedes, whom he utterly routed, besides capturing Viborg in Carelia. He held the chief command in the Black Sea during the campaign of the Pruth (1711), and in 1713 materially assisted the conquest of Finland by his operations from the side of the sea. In 17191720 he personally conducted the descents upon Sweden, ravaging that country mercilessly, and thus extorting the peace of Nystad, whereby she surrendered the best part of her Baltic provinces to Russia. For these great services he was made a senator and admiral-general of the empire. His last expedition was to
Reval
  in 1726, to cover the town from an anticipated attack by the English government, with whom the relations of Russia at the beginning of the reign of Catharine I. were strained almost to breaking-point. Though frequently threatened with terrible penalties by Peter the Great for his incurable vice of peculation, Apraksin, nevertheless, contrived to save his head, though not his pocket, chiefly through the mediation of the good-natured empress, Catharine, who remained his friend to the last, and whom he assisted to place on the throne on the death of Peter. Apraksin was the most genial and kind-hearted of all Peter's pupils. He is said to have never made an enemy. He died on the loth of November 1728.
See R. Nisbet Bain, The Pupils of Peter the Great (London, 1897).
(R. N. B.)


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