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Encyclopedia Britannica



APPORTIONMENT BILL

This article appears in Volume V02, Page 227 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: APO-ARN
APPORTIONMENT BILL , an act passed by the Congress of the United States after each decennial
census
  to determine the number of members which each state shall send to the
House
  of Representatives. The ratio of representation fixed by
the
original
  constitution was 1 to 30,000 of the free
population
 , and the number of the members of the first
House
  was 65. As the House would, at this ratio, have become unmanageably large, the ratio, which is first settled by Congress before
-APPREHENSION 227
apportionment
 , has been raised after each
census
 , as will be seen from the accompanying table.
The same
term
  is applied to the acts passed by the state legislatures for correcting and redistributing the representation of the counties. Such acts are usually ,passed at decennial intervals, more often after the federal census, but the
dates
  may vary in different states. The state representatives are usually apportioned among the several counties according to
population
  and not by geographical position. The electoral districts so formed are expected to be equal in proportion to the number of inhabitants; but this method has led to much abuse in the past, through the making of unequal districts for partisan purposes.
(See GERRYMANDER.)
If a state has received an increase in the number of its representatives and its legislature does not pass an
apportionment
  bill before the next congressional election, the votes of the whole state elect the additional members on a general
ticket
  and they are called " congressmen-at-large."


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