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Encyclopedia Britannica



ANTOFAGASTA

This article appears in Volume V02, Page 148 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: ANC-APO
ANTOFAGASTA , a town and port of northern Chile and
capital
  of the Chilean province of the same name, situated about 768 m. N. of Valparaiso in 23 38' 39" S. lat. and 7o 24' 39" W.
long
 . Pop. (est. 1902) 16,084. Antofagasta is the seaport for a railway running to Oruro, Bolivia, and is the only available outlet for the
trade
  of the
south
 -western departments of that republic. The smelting works for the neighbouring silver mines are located here, and a thriving
trade
  with the inland mining towns is carried on. The town was founded in 1870 as a shipping port for the recently discovered silver mines of that vicinity, and belonged to Bolivia until 1879, when it was occupied by a Chilean military force.
The province of ANTOFAGASTA has an area of 46,611 sq. m. lying within the
desert
  of Atacama and between the provinces of Tarapaca and Atacama. It is
rich
  in saline and other
mineral
  deposits, the important Caracoles silver mines being about 90 M. north-
east
  of the port of Antofagasta. Like the other provinces of this region, Antofagasta produces for export copper, silver,
silver ores, lead, nitrate of soda, borax and salt. Iron and
manganese
  ores are also found. Besides Antofagasta the
principal
  towns are Taltal, Mejillones, Cobija (the old
capital
 ) and Tocopilla. Up to 1879 the province belonged to Bolivia, and was known as the department of Atacama, or the Litoral. It fell into the possession of Chile in the war of 1879-82, and was definitely ceded to that republic in 1885:


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