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Encyclopedia Britannica



ANTIPHON

This article appears in Volume V02, Page 133 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: ANC-APO
ANTIPHON , of Rhamnus in Attica, the earliest of the " ten " Attic orators, was born in 480 B.C. He took an active part in political affairs at Athens, and, as a zealous supporter; of the oligarchical party, was largely responsible for the
establishment
  of the Four Hundred in 411 (see THERAMENES) ; on the restoration of the democracy he was accused of treason and condemned to death.
Thucydides
  (viii. 68) expresses a very high
opinion
  of him. Antiphon may be regarded as the founder of political oratory, but he never addressed the people himself except on the occasion of his trial. Fragments of his speech then delivered in defence of his policy (called Hepi ergo-rao-ecos) have been edited by J.
Nicole
  (1907) from an Egyptian papyrus. His
chief
  business was that of a professional speech-writer (Xoyoypacbos), for those who felt incompetent to conduct their own casesas all disputants were obliged to dowithout expert assistance. Fifteen of Antiphon's speeches are extant: twelve are mere school exercises on fictitious cases, divided into tetralogies, each consisting of two speeches for prosecution and defenceaccusation, defence, reply, counter-reply; three refer to actual legal processes. All deal with cases of homicide (4ovtKai Siicat). Antiphon is also said to have composed a Tixv17 or art of Rhetoric.
Edition, with commentary, by Maetzner (1838) ; text by
Blass
  (1881);
Jebb
 , Attic Orators; Plutarch, Vitae X. Oratorum; Philostratus, Vit. Sophistarum, i. 15; van Cleef, Index Antiphonteus, Ithaca, N. Y. (1895) ; see also RHETORIC.


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