ANTHRACENE (from the Greek avOpa, coal)

This article appears in Volume V02, Page 105 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: ANC-APO

ANTHRACENE (from the Greek avOpa, coal) , Cr4H1o, a hydrocarbon obtained from the fraction of the coal-tar distillate boiling between 270 and 400 C. This high boiling fraction is allowed to stand for some days, when it partially solidifies. It is then separated in a centrifugal

machine

, the low melting-point impurities are removed by means of hot water, and the residue is finally hot-pressed. The crude anthracene cake is purified by treatment with the higher

pyridine

PYRIDINE

bases, the operation being carried out in large steam-jacketed boilers. The whole

mass

dissolves on

heating

HEATING

, and the anthracene crystallizes out on cooling. The crystallized anthracene is then removed by a centrifugal separator and the process of solution in the

pyridine

PYRIDINE

bases is repeated. Finally the anthracene is purified by sublimation.
Many synthetical processes for the preparation of anthracene and its derivatives are known. It is formed by the condensation of acetylene tetrabromide with benzene in the presence of

aluminium

ALUMINIUM (symbol Al; atomic weight 27.0)

chloride:
BrCHBr

C6H6

C6H6

+ I +

C6H6

C6H6

=4HBr+C6H4K. I 4H4, BrCHBr
and similarly from methylene dibromide and benzene, and also when benzyl chloride is heated with

aluminium

ALUMINIUM (symbol Al; atomic weight 27.0)

chloride to 200 C. By condensing ortho-brombenzyl bromide with sodium, C. L. Jackson and J. F.

White

WHITE
WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
GILBERT
- GILBERT
- GILBERT (KINGSMILL) ISLANDS
- GILBERT (or GYLBERDE), WILLIAM (1544-1603)
- GILBERT, ALFRED (1854– )
- GILBERT, ANN (1821-1904)
- GILBERT, GROVE KARL (1843– )
- GILBERT, J
- GILBERT, JOHN (1810-1889)
- MARIE
  - MARIE
  _DOLORES_ELIZA_RO.html">GILBERT,
  MARIE
  - MARIE
  DOLORES ELIZA ROSANNA [" LOLA MONTEZ "] (1818-1861)
- GILBERT, NICOLAS JOSEPH LAURENT (1751–1780)
- GILBERT, SIR HUMPHREY (c. 1539-1583)
- GILBERT, SIR JOSEPH HENRY (1817-1901)
- GILBERT, SIR WILLIAM SCHWENK (1836– )
_17201793_.html">WHITE,
GILBERT
(1720–1793)
WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
RICHARD
_GRANT_1822_1885_.html">WHITE,
RICHARD
GRANT (1822-1885)
WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

(Ber., 1879, 12, p. 1965) obtained dihydro-anthracene

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