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Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: ANC-APO |
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ANQUETIL , DUPERRON, ABRAHAM HYACINTHE (1731-i8o5), French 'orientalist, brother of Louis Pierre Anquetil, the historian, was born in Paris on the 7th. of December 1731. He was educated for the priesthood in Paris and Utrecht, but his taste for Hebrew, Arabic, Persian, and other languages of the East
developed into a passion, and he discontinued his theological course to devote himself entirely to them. His diligent attendance at the Royal Library attracted the attention of the keeper of the manuscripts, the Abbe Sallier, whose influence procured for him a small salary as student of the oriental languages. He had lighted on some fragments of the Vendidad Sade, and formed the project of a voyage to India to discover the works of Zoroaster. With this end in view he enlisted as a private soldier, on the 2nd of November 1754, in the Indian expedition which was about to start from the port of L'Orient. His friends procured his discharge, and he was granted a free passage, a seat at the captain's table, and a salary, the amount of which was to be fixed by the governor of the French settlement in India. After a passage of six months, Anquetil landed, on the loth of August 1755, at Pondicherry. Here he remained a short time to master modern Persian, and then hastened to Chandernagore
Chandernagore
liturgy
Barthelemy
Academy
Inscriptions , and began to arrange for the publication of the materials he had collected during his eastern travels. In 1771 he published his Zend-Avesta (3 vols.), containing collections from the sacred writings of the fire-worshippers, a life of Zoroaster, and fragments of works ascribed to him. In 1778 the published at Amsterdam his Legislation orientate, in which he endeavoured to prove that the nature of oriental despotism had been greatly misrepresented. His Recherches historiques et geographiques sur l'Inde appeared in 1786, and formed part of Thieffenthaler's Geography of India. The Revolution seems to have greatly affected him. During that period he abandoned society, and lived in voluntary poverty on a few pence a day. In 1798 he published L'Inde en rapport avec l'Europe (Hamburg, 2 vols.), which contained much invective against the English, and numerous misrepresentations. In 18021804 he published a Latin translation (2 vols.) from the Persian of the Oupnek'hat or Upanishada. It is a curious mixture of Latin, Greek, Persian, Arabic, and Sanskrit. He died in Paris on the 17th of January 18o5.See Biographie universelle; Sir William Jones, Works (vol. x., 180.7); and the Miscellanies of the Philobiblon Society (vol. iii., 1856-1857). For a list
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