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Encyclopedia Britannica



ANORTHITE

This article appears in Volume V02, Page 80 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: ANC-APO
ANORTHITE , an important
mineral
  of the felspar group, being one of the end members of the plagioclase (q.v.)
series
 . It is a
calcium
  and
aluminium
  silicate, CaAl2SiaOs, and crystallizes in the anorthic
system
 . Like all the felspars, it possesses two cleavages, one perfect and the other less so, here inclined to one another at an
angle
  of 85 5o'. The colour is white, greyish or reddish, and the crystals are trans-parent to translucent. The hard-
ness is 6-61, and the specific gravity 273.
Anorthite is an essential constituent of many basic igneous rocks, such as gabbro and basalt, also of some meteoric stones. The best developed crystals are those which accompany mica, augite, sanidine, &c., in the ejected blocks of metamorphosed limestone from
Monte Somma, the ancient portion 9
of
Mount
 
Vesuvius
 ; these are Anorthite. perfectly colourless and transparent, and are bounded by numerous brilliant faces. Distinctly developed crystals are also met with in the basalts of Japan, but are usually rare at other localities.
The name anorthite was given to the Vesuvian
mineral
  by G. Rose in 1823, on account of its anorthic crystallization. The species had, however, been earlier described by the comte de Bournon under the name indianite, this name being applied to a greyish or reddish granular mineral forming the matrix of
corundum
  from the Carnatic in India. Several unimportant varieties have been distinguished. (L. J. S.)


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