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Encyclopedia Britannica



ANORTHIC SERIES

This article appears in Volume V01, Page 884 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: ANC-APO
ANORTHIC SERIES .
Aenigmatite . Na4Fe"9A1 Fe"' (Si,Ti)12044.
Of these,
tremolite
 , hornblende and crocidolite, as well as the important varieties, asbestos and jade, are treated under their own headings. Brief mention only need be here made of some of the others. Naturally, on account of the wide variations in chemical composition, the different members vary considerably in characters and general
appearance
 ; the specific gravity, for example, varies from 29 in
tremolite
  to 3.8 in aenigmatite.
Anthophyllite occurs as brownish, fibrous or lamellar masses with hornblende in mica-schist at
Kongsberg
  in Norway and some other localities. An aluminous variety is known as gedrite, and a deep green, Russian variety containing little iron as kupfferite.
Actinolite is an important member of the monoclinic
series
 , forming radiating groups of acicular crystals of a
bright
  green or greyish-green colour. It occurs frequently as a constituent of crystalline schists. The name (from aKTis, a ray, and XiOos, a stone) is a
translation
  of the old German word Strahlstein, radiated stone.
Glaucophane, crocidolite, riebeckite and arfvedsonite form a somewhat
special
  group of alkali-amphiboles. The two former are blue fibrous minerals occurring in crystalline schists, and are the result of dynamo-metamorphic processes; the two latter are dark green minerals which occur as
original
  constituents of igneous rocks
rich
  in soda, such as nepheline-
syenite
  and phonolite.
Aenigmatite and its variety cossyrite are rare minerals forming constituents of igneous rocks of the nepheline-
syenite
  and phonolite groups. (L. J. S.)


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