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Encyclopedia Britannica

ANGORA, or ENGURI

This article appears in Volume V02, Page 41 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: ANC-APO

ANGORA, or ENGURI . (1) A city of Turkey (anc. Ancyra) in Asia,

capital

CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

of the vilayet of the same name, situated upon a steep, rocky hill, which rises 500 ft. above the plain, on the left bank of the Enguri Su, a tributary of the Sakaria(Sangarius), about 220 M. E.S.E. of

Constantinople

CONSTANTINOPLE
CONSTANTINOPLE, COUNCILS OF

. The hill is crowned by the ruins of the old citadel, which add to the picturesqueness of the view; but the town is not well built, its streets being narrow and many of its houses constructed of sun-dried mud bricks; there are, however, many fine remains of Graeco-Roman and Byzantine architecture, the most remarkable being the temple of Rome and

Augustus

AUGUSTUS (a name 1 derived from Lat. augeo, increase, i.e. venerable, majestic, Gr. Ee0avr6s)

, on the walls of which is the famous Monumentum Ancyranum (see ANCYRA). Ancyra was the centre of the Tectosages, one of the three Gaulish tribes which settled in

Galatia

GALATIA

in the 3rd century B.C., and became the

capital

CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

of the Roman province of

Galatia

GALATIA

when it was formally constituted in 25 B.C. During the Byzantine period, throughout which it occupied a position of

great

GREAT

importance, it was captured by Persians and Arabs; then it fell into the hands of the Seljuk Turks, was held for eighteen years by the Latin Crusaders, and finally passed to the Ottoman Turks in 136o. In 1402 a

great

GREAT

battle was fought in the vicinity of

Angora

ANGORA, or ENGURI

, in which the Turkish sultan Bayezid was defeated and made prisoner by the Tatar conqueror Timur. In 1415 it was recovered by the Turks under Mahommed I., and since that period has
belonged to the Ottoman empire. In 1832 it was taken by the Egyptians under Ibrahim Pasha.

Angora

ANGORA, or ENGURI

is connected with

Constantinople

CONSTANTINOPLE
CONSTANTINOPLE, COUNCILS OF

by railway, and exports wool, mohair, grain and yellow berries. Mohair cloth is manufactured, and the town is noted for its honey and fruit. From 1639 to 1768 there was an agency of the Levant Company here; there is now a British

consul

. Pop. estimated at 28,000 (Moslems,18,000; Christians, largely Roman Catholic Armenians, about 9400; Jews, 400).
(2) A Turkish vilayet in north-central Asia

Minor

, which includes most of the ancient Galatia. It is an agricultural country, depending for its prosperity on its grain, wool (average annual export, 4,400,000 ib), and the mohair obtained from the beautiful Angora goats (average annual clip, 3,300,000 ib). The fineness of the

hair

HAIR (a word common to Teutonic languages)

may perhaps be ascribed to some peculiarity in the atmosphere, for it is remarkable that the cats, dogs and other animals of the country are to a certain extent affected in the same way, and that they all lose much of their distinctive beauty when taken from their native districts. The only important industry is

carpet

CARPET

-weaving at Kir-sheher and Kaisarfeh. There are mines of silver, copper, lignite and salt, and many hot springs, including some of great repute medicinally. Average annual exports 1896-1898, 920,762; imports, 411,836. Pop. about 900,000 (Moslems, 765,000 to 800,000, the rest being Christians, with a few hundred Jews). (J. G. C. A.)
See C. Ritter, Erdkunde von Asien (vol. xviii., 18371839) ; V. Cuinet, La Turquie d'Asie, t. i. (1891); Murray's Handbook to Asia

Minor

(1895); and other works mentioned under ANCYRA.

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