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Encyclopedia Britannica



ANDREWS, THOMAS (18131885)

This article appears in Volume V01, Page 974 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: ANC-APO
ANDREWS, THOMAS (18131885) , Irish chemist and physicist, was born on the 19th of December 1813 at Belfast, where his father was a linen merchant. After attending the Belfast
Academy
  and also the Academical Institution, he went to Glasgow in 1828 to study
chemistry
  under Professor
Thomas
  Thomson, and thence migrated to Trinity College, Dublin, where he gained distinction in classics as well as in science. Finally, he graduated as M.D. at Edinburgh in 1835, and settled down to a successful medical practice in his native place, also giving instruction in
chemistry
  at the Academical Institution. Ten years later he was appointed vice-president of the newly established Queen's College, Belfast, and professor of chemistry, and these two offices he held till 1879, when failing
health
  compelled his retirement. He died on the 26th of November 1885. Andrews first became known as a scientific investigator by his
work
  on the heat developed in chemical actions, for which the Royal Society awarded him a Royal
medal
  in 1844. Another important research, undertaken with P. G.
Tait
 , was devoted to ozone. But the
work
  on which his reputation mainly rests, and which best displayed his skill and resourcefulness in experiment, was concerned with the liquefaction of gases. He carried out a very complete inquiry into the
laws
  expressing the relations of pressure, temperature and volume in carbonic dioxide, in particular establishing the conceptions of
critical
  temperature and
critical
  pressure, and showing that the gas passes from the gaseous to the liquid state without any breach of continuity.
His scientific papers were published in a collected form in 1889, with a memoir by Professors
Tait
  and Crum Brown.


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