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Encyclopedia Britannica



ANCUS MARCIUS (64o-616 B.C.)

This article appears in Volume V01, Page 953 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: ANC-APO
ANCUS MARCIUS (64o-616 B.C.) , fourth legendary king of Rome. Like Numa, his reputed grandfather, he was a friend of peace and religion, but was obliged to make war to defend his territories. He conquered the Latins, and a number of them he settled on the Aventine formed the origin of the Plebeians. He fortified the Janiculum, threw a wooden
bridge
  across the Tiber, founded the port of Ostia, established
salt
 -works and built a prison.
Ancus Marcius is merely a duplicate of Numa, as is shown by his second name, Numa Marcius, the confidant and
pontifex
  of Numa, being no other than Numa Pompilius himself, represented as priest. The identification with Ancus is shown by the
legend
  which makes the latter a
bridge
 -builder (
pontifex
 ), the constructor of the first wooden bridge over the Tiber. It is in the exercise of his priestly functions that the resemblance is most clearly shown. Like Numa, Ancus died a natural death.
See Livy i. 32, 33;
Dion
  Halic. iii. 36-45; Cicero, De Republica, ii. 18. For a
critical
  examination of the story see Schwegler, Romische Geschichte, bk. xiii.; Sir G. Cornewall
Lewis
 , Credibility of Early Roman History, ch. xi.; W. Ihne, History of Rome, i.; R. Pais, Storia di Roma, i. (1898). who considers that the name points to the personification of the cult of Mars, and that the military achievements of Ancus are anticipations of later events.


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