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Encyclopedia Britannica



AMMONIACUM, or GUM AMMONIAC

This article appears in Volume V01, Page 863 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: ALM-ANC
AMMONIACUM, or GUM AMMONIAC , a gum-resin exuded from the
stem
  of a perennial herb (Dorema ammoniacum) , natural order
Umbelliferae
 . The plant grows to the height of 8 or 9 ft., and its whole
stem
  is pervaded with a milky juice, which oozes out on an incision being made at any
part
 . This juice quickly hardens into round tears, forming the " tear ammoniacum " of commerce. " Lump ammoniacum," the other form in which the substance is met with, consists of aggregations of tears, frequently incorporating fragments of the plant itself, as well as other foreign bodies. Ammoniacum has a faintly fetid, unpleasant odour, which becomes more distinct on
heating
 ; externally it possesses a reddish-yellow
appearance
 , and when the tears or lumps are freshly fractured they exhibit a waxy lustre. It is chiefly collected in central Persia, and comes to the European market by way of Bombay. Ammoniacum is closely related to asafetida and galbanum (from which, however, it differs in yielding no umbelliferone) both in regard to the plant which yields it and its therapeutical effects. Internally it is used in conjunction with squills in bronchial affections; and in
asthma
  and chronic colds it is found useful, but it has no advantages over a number of other substances of more constant and active properties (Sir
Thomas
  Fraser). Only the " tear ammoniacum " is official.
African
  ammoniacum is the product of a plant said to beI Ferula lingitana, which grows in North Africa; it is a dark coloured gum-resin, possessed of a very weak odour and a persistent acrid
taste
 .


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