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Encyclopedia Britannica



AMBARVALIA

This article appears in Volume V01, Page 791 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: ALM-ANC
AMBARVALIA , an annual festival of the ancient Romans, occurring in May, usually on the 29th, the
object
  of which was to secure the growing crops against harm of all kinds. The priests were the Arval
Brothers
  (q.v.), who conducted the victimsox, sheep and pig (suovetaurilia)in procession with
prayer
  to Ceres round the boundaries of the ager Romanus. As the extent of Roman
land
  increased, this could no longer be done, and in the Acta of the Fratres, which date from
Augustus
 , we do not find this procession mentioned (Henzen, Acta Fratrum Arvalium, 1874); but there is a good description of this or a similar rite in Virgil, Georg. i. 338 if., and in Cato's
work
  de Re Rustica (141) we have full details and the text of the prayers used by the Latin farmer in thus " lustrating " his own
land
 . In this last case the god invoked is Mars. The Christian festival which seems to have taken the place of these ceremonies is the Rogation or Gang
week
  of the Roman
Church
 . The perambulation or beating of bounds is probably a survival of the same type of rite. See W. W. Fowler, Roman Festivals (1899), p. 124 if.
(W. W. F.*)


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