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Encyclopedia Britannica



ALPINI, PROSPERO (PROSPER ALPINUS)

This article appears in Volume V01, Page 737 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: ALM-ANC
ALPINI, PROSPERO (PROSPER ALPINUS) , 1553-1617, Italian physician and botanist, was born at Marostica, in the republic of Venice, on the 23rd of November 1553. In his youth he served for a time in the Milanese army, but in 1574 he went to study
medicine
  at Padua. After taking his
doctor
 's degree in 1578, he settled as a physician in Campo San Pietro, a small town in the Paduan territory. But his tastes were botanical, and to extend his knowledge of exotic plants he travelled to
Egypt
  in 158o as physician to George Emo or Hemi, the Venetian
consul
  in Cairo. In
Egypt
  he spent three years, and from a practice in the management of date-trees, which he observed in that country, he seems to have deduced the
doctrine
  of the sexual difference of plants, which was adopted as the foundation of the Linnaean
system
 . He says that " the female date-trees or palms do not
bear
  fruit unless the branches of the male and female plants are mixed together; or, as is generally done, unless the dust found in the male sheath or male
flowers
  is sprinkled over the female
flowers
 ." On his return, he resided for some time at Genoa as physician to
Andrea
  Doria, and in 1593 he was appointed professor of botany at Padua, where he died on the 6th of February 1617. He was succeeded in the botanical chair by his son Alpine Alpini (d. 1637). His best-known
work
  is De Plantis Aegypti liber (Venice, 1592). His De Medicina Egyptiorum (Venice, 1591) is said to contain the first account of the coffee plant published in Europe. The genus Alpinia, belonging to the order Zingiberaceae, was named after him by Linnaeus.


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