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Encyclopedia Britannica



ALPHONSO VIII

This article appears in Volume V01, Page 735 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: ALM-ANC
ALPHONSO VIII . (1158--1214), king of Castile only, and grand-son of
Alphonso
  VII., is a
great
  name in Spanish history, for he led the coalition of Christian princes and foreign crusaders who broke the power of the Almohades at the battle of the Navas de Tolosa in 1212. The events of his reign are dealt with under SPAIN. His personal history is that of many medieval kings. He succeeded to the throne on the death of his father, Sancho, at the age of a year and a half. Though proclaimed king, he was regarded as a mere name by the unruly nobles to whom a minority was convenient. The devotion of a squire of his household, who carried him on the pommel of his saddle to the stronghold of San Esteban de Gormaz, saved him from falling into the hands of the contending factions of Castro and
Lara
 , or of his uncle Ferdinand of Leon, who claimed the regency. The loyalty of the town of Avila protected his youth. He was barely fifteen when he came forth to do a man's
work
  by restoring his kingdom to order. It was only by a surprise that he recovered his
capital
  Toledo from the hands of the Laras. His
marriage
  with Leonora of Aquitaine, daughter of
Henry
  II. of England, brought him under the influence of the greatest governing intellect of his time.
Alphonso
  VIII. was the founder of the first Spanish university, the stadium Generale of Palencia, which, however, did not survive him.


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