ALLOWANCE (from "allow,' derived through 0. Fr. alouer from the two Lat. origins adlaudare, to praise, and allocare, to assign a place; so that the English word combined the general idea of "assigning with approval")

This article appears in Volume V01, Page 704 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

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ALLOWANCE (from "allow,' derived through 0. Fr. alouer from the two Lat. origins adlaudare, to praise, and allocare, to assign a place; so that the English word combined the general idea of "assigning with approval") , the action of allowing, or the thing allowed; particularly, a certain limited

apportionment

of money or food and diet (see DIETARY).
In commercial usage "allowance" signifies the deduction made from the

gross

GROSS

weight

WEIGHT

of goods to make up for the

weight

WEIGHT

of the box or package, waste, breakages, &c. Allowance, which is customary in most

industries

INDUSTRIES

, varies according to the

trade

district

DISTRICT

or country; e.g. in the coal

trade

it is customary for the merchant to receive from the pit 21 cwts. of coal for every ton

purchased

PURCHASED

by him, the difference of 1 cwt. being the allowance for the purpose of making good the waste caused through transhipment, screening and cartage (see TARE AND TRET.)
ALLO%AN, or MESOXALYL UREA, C4H2N204 or
CO/NH C0NCO. an oxidation product of uric acid, being \NHCO/
obtained from it by the action of cold nitric acid, C5H4N403 + H2O + 0= C4H2N204 + CO(NH2)2. It crystallizes from water in colourless rhombic prisms, containing four molecules of water of crystallization, and possesses a very acid reaction. It serves as the starting-point for the preparation of many related substances. Zinc and hydrochloric acid in the cold convert it into alloxantin (q.v.),

hydroxylamine

HYDROXYLAMINE, NH2OH

gives nitroso-barbituric acid, C4H2N203: NOH, baryta water gives alloxanic acid, C4H4N205, hot dilute nitric acid oxidizes it to parabanic acid (q.v.), hot potassium hydroxide solution hydrolyses it to urea and mesoxalic acid (q.v.) and zinc and hot hydrochloric acid convert it into dialuric acid, C4H4N204. M. Nencki has shown that alloxan combines with thiourea in alcoholic solution, in the presence of

sulphur

SULPHUR

dioxide to form pseudothiouric acid, C5H6N4SO3. Methyl and dimethylalloxans are also known, the former being obtained on oxidation of methyl uric acid, and the latter on oxidation of caffeine (q.v.).

End of Article: ALLOWANCE (from "allow,' derived through 0. Fr. alouer from the two Lat. origins adlaudare, to praise, and allocare, to assign a place; so that the English word combined the general idea of "assigning with approval")

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