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Encyclopedia Britannica



ALLIGATOR (Spanish el lagarto, " the lizard ")

This article appears in Volume V01, Page 696 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: AJA-ALL
ALLIGATOR (Spanish el lagarto, " the lizard ") , an animal so closely allied to the crocodile that some naturalists have classed them together as forming one genus. It differs from the true crocodile principally in having the head broader and shorter, and the snout more obtuse; in having the fourth, enlarged tooth of the under jaw received, not into an external notch, but into a pit formed for it within the upper one; in wanting a jagged fringe which appears on the hind legs and feet of the crocodile; and in having the toes of the hind feet webbed not more than half way to the tips. Alligators proper occur in the fluviatile deposits of the age of the Upper
Chalk
  in -Europe, where they did not die out until the
Pliocene
  age; they are now restricted to two species, A. mississippiensis or lucius in the southern states of
North
  America up to 12 ft. in length, and the small A. sinensis in the Yang-tse-kiang. In Central and
South
  America alligators are represented by five species of the genus Caiman, which differs from Alligator by the
absence
  of a bony septum between the nostrils, and the ventral
armour
  is composed of overlapping bony scutes, each of which is formed of two parts united by a suture. C. sclerops, the spectacled alligator, has the widest distribution, from southern
Mexico
  to the northern half of Argentina, and grows to a bulky size. The largest, attaining an enormous bulk and a length of 20 ft., is the C. niger, the jacare-assu or large caiman of the
Amazons
 . The names " alligator " and " crocodile " are often confounded in popular speech; and the structure and habits of the two animals are so similar that both are most conveniently considered under the heading CROCODILE.


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