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Encyclopedia Britannica



ALEXANDER VII

This article appears in Volume V01, Page 556 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: AJA-ALL
ALEXANDER VII . (Fabio Chigi),
pope
  from 1655 to 1667, was born at Siena on the 13th of
February
  1599. He was successively inquisitor at
Malta
 , vice-legate at Ferrara and nuncio in Cologne (1639-1651). Though expected to take
part
  in the negotiations which led in 1648 to the peace of Westphalia, he refused to deliberate with heretics, and protested against the
treaties
  when completed. Innocent X. subsequently made him cardinal secretary of state. When Innocent died, Chigi, the candidate favoured by Spain, was elected
pope
  on the 7th of
April
  1655 The
conclave
  believed he was strongly opposed to the nepotism then prevalent. In the first year of his reign Alexander VII. forbade his relations even to visit Rome; but in 1656 he gave them the best-paid civil and ecclesiastical offices, also palaces and princely estates. Alexander disliked business of state, preferring literature and philosophy; a collection of his Latin poems appeared at Paris in 1656 under the title Philomalhi Laborer Juveniles. He also encouraged architecture, and in particular constructed the beautiful
colonnade
  in the piazza of St Peter's. He favoured the
Jesuits
 , especially in their conflict with the Jansenists, forbade in 1661 the
translation
  of the Roman Missal into French, and in 1665 canonized Francis of Sales. His pontificate was marked by protracted controversies with France and Portugal. He died on the 22nd of May 1667. (W. W. R.*)


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