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Encyclopedia Britannica



ALCAICS

This article appears in Volume V01, Page 517 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: AJA-ALL
ALCAICS , in ancient poetry, a name given to several kinds of verse, from
Alcaeus
 , their reputed inventor. The first
kind
  consists of five feet, viz. a spondee or iambic, an iambic, a
long
  syllable and two dactyles; the second of two dactyles and two trochees. Besides these, which are called dactylic Alcaics, there is another, simply styled Alcaic, consisting of an epitrite, two choriambi and a bacchius; thus
Cur timet flajvum Tiberim I tangere, cur [ olivum?
The Alcaic ode is composed of several strophes, each consisting of four verses, the first two of which are always eleven-syllable alcaics of the first
kind
 ; the third verse is an iambic dimeter hypercatalectic consisting of nine syllables; and the fourth verse is a ten-syllable alcaic of the second kind. The following strophe is of this species, which
Horace
  calls Alcaei minaces camenae
Non possidentem multa vocaveris
Recte beatum; rectius occupat
Nomen beati, qui deorum
Muneribus sapienter uti.
There is also a decasyllabic variety of the Alcaic metre.
The Alcaic measure was one of the most splendid inventions of
Greek
  metrical art. In its best examples it gives an impression of wonderful vigour and spontaneity. Tennyson has attempted to reproduce it in
English
  in his
O mighty-mouthed inventor of harmonies,
O skilled to sing of time or eternity,
God-gifted organ-voice of England,
Milton, a name to resound for ages.
German
  is, however, the only
modern
  literature in which alcaics have been written with much success. They were introduced by Klopstock, and used by Holderlin, by
Voss
  in his translations of
Horace
 , by A. Kopisch and other
modern
 
German
  poets.


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