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Encyclopedia Britannica



ALBATEGNIUS (c. 850-929)

This article appears in Volume V01, Page 491 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: AJA-ALL
ALBATEGNIUS (c. 850-929) , an Arab prince and astronomer, correctly designated Mahommed ben Gebir al Batani, his surname being derived from his native town, Batan in
Mesopotamia
 . From his observations at Aracte and Damascus, where he died, he was able to correct some of
Ptolemy
 's results, previously taken on trust. He compiled new tables of the sun and moon,
long
  accepted as authoritative, discovered the
movement
  of the sun's apogee, and assigned to annual precession the improved value of 550. Perhaps independently of Aryabhatta (born at Pataliputra on the Ganges 476 A.D.), he introduced the use of sines in calculation, and partially that of tangents. His
principal
 
work
 , De Motu Stellarum, was published at Nuremberg in 1537 by Melanchthon, in a blundering Latin
translation
  by Plato Tiburtinus (fl. 1116), annotated by Regiomontanus. A reprint appeared at Bologna in 1645. The
original
  MS. is preserved at the Vatican; and the Escorial library possesses in MS. a treatise of some value by him on astronomicalchronology. Albategnius takes the highest rank among Arab astronomers.
See Houzeau, Bibliographic astronomique, i. 467; M. Marie, Histoire des sciences, ii. 113; R. Wolf, Geschichte der Astronomie; p. 67;
Delambre
 , Hist. de l'astr. au moyen age, ch. ii.; Phil. Trans., 1693 (913), where E. Halley supplies corrections to some of the observations recorded in De Motu Stellarum.


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