ADVOCATES, FACULTY OF

This article appears in Volume V01, Page 242 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

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ADVOCATES, FACULTY OF , the collective

term

TERM

by which what in England are called barristers are known in

Scotland

.. They professionally attend the supreme courts in Edinburgh; but they are privileged to plead in any cause before the inferior courts, where counsel are not excluded by

statute

STATUTE

. They may act in cases of appeal before the

House

HOUSE
HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in
Gothic
- GOTHIC
it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

of Lords; and in some of the British colonies, where the civil law is in force, it is customary for those who practise as barristers to pass as

advocates

ADVOCATES, FACULTY OF

Scotland

. This

body

BODY

has existed by immemorial custom. Its privileges are constitutional, and are founded on no

statute

STATUTE

or charter of incorporation. The

body

BODY

formed itself gradually, from time to time, on the model of the French corporations of avocats, appointing like them by a general vote, a dean or doyen, who is their principal officer. It also differs from the English and Irish societies in that there is no governing body similar to the benchers, nor is there any resemblance to the quasi-collegiate discipline and the usages and customs prevailing in an inn of court. No curriculum of study, residence or professional training was, until 1856, required on entering this profession; but the faculty have always had the power, believed to, be liable to

control

CONTROL (Fr. contrdle, older form contre rolle, from Med. Lat. contra-rotulus, a counter roll or copy of a document used to check the original; there is no instance in English of the use of " control " in this, its literal, meaning)

by the Court of Session, of rejecting any candidate for admission. The candidate undergoes two private examinations the one in general scholarship, in lieu of which, however, he may produce evidence of his having graduated as master of arts in a Scottish university, or obtained an equivalent degree in an English or foreign university; and the other, at the

interval

INTERVAL

of a year, in Roman, private international and Scots law. He must, before the latter examination, produce evidence of attendance at classes of Scots law and conveyancing in a Scottish university,and at classes of civil; law, public or international law, constitutional law and medical jurisprudence in a Scottish or other approved university. He has then to undergo the old academic form of the public impugnment of a thesis on some title of the pandects; but this ceremony, called the public examination, has degenerated into a mere form. A large proportion of the candidate's entrance fees (amounting to 339) is devoted to the magnificent library belonging to the faculty, which literary investigators in Edinburgh find so eminently useful.

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