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Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: ADA-AIZ |
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ADRIAN VI . (Adrian Dedel, not Boyens, probably not Roden- burgh , 1459-1523), pope from 1522 to 1523, was born at Utrecht in March 1459, and studied under the Brethren of the CommonLife either at Zwolle or Deventer. At Louvain he pursued philosophy, theology and canon law, becoming a doctor
Charles V. He was sent to Spain in 1515 on a very important diplomatic errand ; Charles secured his succession to the see of Tortosa, and on the 14th of November 1516 commissioned him inquisitor-general of Aragon. During the minority of Charles, Adrian was associated with Cardinal Jimenes in governing Spain. After the death of the latter Adrian was appointed, on the 14th of March 1518, general of the reunited inquisitions of Castile and Aragon, in which capacity he acted till his departure from Tarragona for Rome on the 4th of August 1522 : he was, however, too weak and confiding to cope with abuses which Jimenes had been able in some degree to check. When Charles left for the Netherlands in 1520 he made Adrian regent of Spain : as such he had to cope with a very serious revolt. In 1517 Leo X. had created him cardinal priest SS. loannis et Pauli; on the 9th of January 1522 he was almost unanimously elected pope. Crowned in St Peter's on the 31st of August at the age of sixty-three, he entered upon the lonely path of the reformer. His programme was to attack notorious abuses one by one ; but in his attempt to improve the system of granting indulgences he was hampered by his cardinals ; and reducing the number of matrimonial dispensations was impossible, for the income had been farmed out for years in advance by Leo X. The Italians saw in him a pedantic foreign professor, blind to the beauty of classical antiquity, penuriously docking the stipends of great
Protestant
opinion , not an ex cathedra pronouncement, it is held not to prejudice the dogma of papal infallibility. On the 14th of September 1523 he died, after a pontificate too short to be effective.Most of Adrian VI.'s official papers disappeared soon after his death. He published Quaestiones in quartum sententiarum praesertim circa sacramenta (Paris, 1512, 1516, 1518, 1537; Rome, 1522), and Quaestiones quodlibeticae XII. (1st ed., Louvain, 1515). See L. Pastor, in Geschichte der Pdpste, vol. iv. pt. ii.; Adrian VI. and Klemens VII. (Freiburg, 1907); also Wetzer and Welte, Kirchenlexikon, and ed., and Herzog -Hauck, Realencyklopadie, 3rd ed., under " Hadrian VI."; H. Hurter, Nomenclator literarius recentioris theologise catholicae, tom. iv. (Innsbruck
Cambridge Modern History, vol. ii. (1904), 19-21; H. C. Lea, A History of the Inquisition of Spain, vol. i. (1906); Janus, The Pope and the Council, and ed. (London, 1869), 376. Biographies:A. Lepitre, Adrien VI. (Paris, 188o) ; C. A. C. von Hoffer, Papst Adrian VI. (Vienna, 188o) ; L. Casartelli, " The Dutch Pope," in Miscellaneous Essays (London, 1906). (W. W. R.*)End of Article: ADRIAN VI If you wish, you can link directly to this article.
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