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Encyclopedia Britannica



ADOLPH OF NASSAU (a. 1255-1298)

This article appears in Volume V01, Page 211 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: ADA-AIZ
ADOLPH OF NASSAU (a. 1255-1298) , German king, son ofADOLPHUS' FREDERICK 211
Walram,
count
  of Nassau. He appears to have received a good education, and inherited his father's lands around Wiesbaden in 1276. He won considerable fame as a
mercenary
  in many of the feuds of the time, and on the 5th of May 1292 was chosen German king, in succession to Rudolph I., an ejection due rather to the political conditions of the time than to his personal qualities. He made large promises to his supporters, and was crowned on the 1st of July at Aix-la-Chapelle. Princes and towns did
homage
  to him, but his position was unstable, and the allegiance of many of the princes, among them Albert I., duke of Austria, son of the
late
  king Rudolph, was merely nominal. Seeking at once to strengthen the royal position, he claimed Meissen as a vacant fief of the
Empire
 , and in 1294 allied himself with
Edward
  I., king of England, against France.
Edward
  granted him -a subsidy, but owing to a variety of reasons Adolph did not take the field against France, but turned his arms against Thuringia, which he had
purchased
  from the landgrave Albert II. This bargain was resisted by the sons of Albert, and from 1294 to 1296 Adolph was campaigning in Meissen and Thuringia. Meissen was conquered, but he was not equally successful in Thuringia, and his relations with Albert of Austria were becoming more strained. He had been unable to fulfil the promises made at his election, and the princes began to look with suspicion upon his designs. Wenceslaus II., king of Bohemia, fell away from his allegiance, and his deposition was decided on, and was carried out at Mainz, on the 23rd of May 1298, when Albert of Austria was elected his successor. The forces of the rival kings met at Gollheim on the 2nd of July 1298, where Adolph was killed, it is said by the hand of Albert. He was buried at. Rosenthal, and in 1309 his remains were removed to
Spires
 .
See F. W. E. Roth, Geschichte des Romischen Konigs Adolf I. von Nassau (Wiesbaden, 1879) ; V. Domeier, Die Absetzung Adolfs von Nassau (Berlin, 1889) ; L. Ennen, Die Wahl des Konigs Adolf von Nassau (Cologne, 1866); L. Schmid, Die Wahl des Grafen Adolf von Nassau zum Romischen
Konig
 ; B. Gebhardt, Handbuch der deutschen Geschichte, Band i. (Berlin, 1901).


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