ADOLPHUS FREDERICK (1710-177.1)

This article appears in Volume V01, Page 212 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

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ADOLPHUS FREDERICK (1710-177.1) , king of Sweden, was born at Gottorp on the 14th of May 1710. His father was Christian

Augustus

AUGUSTUS (a name 1 derived from Lat. augeo, increase, i.e. venerable, majestic, Gr. Ee0avr6s)

(1673-1726), duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp, bishop of Lubeck, and

administrator

ADMINISTRATOR

, during the war of 1700-1721, of the duchies of Holstein-Gottorp for his nephew Charles Frederick; his mother was Albertina Frederica of Baden-Durlach. From 1727 to 1750 he was bishop of Lubeck, and

administrator

ADMINISTRATOR

of Holstein-Kiel during the minority of Duke Charles Peter Ulrich, afterwards Peter III. of Russia. In 1743 he was elected

heir

HEIR (Lat. heres, from a root meaning to grasp, seen in heres or erus, master of a
house
- HOUSE
- HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in
  Gothic
  - GOTHIC
  it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)
, Gr. xeip, hand, Sans. hat ana, hand)

to the throne of Sweden by the " Hat "

faction

FACTION (through the French, from Lat. factio, a company of persons combined for action, facere, to do; from the other French derivative facon comes " fashion ")

in order that they might, obtain better conditions of peace from the empress Elizabeth, whose fondness for the

house

HOUSE
HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in
Gothic
- GOTHIC
it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

of Holstein was notorious (see SWEDEN, History). During his whole reign (1751-1771) Adolphus Frederick was little more than a state decoration, the real power being lodged in the hands of an omnipotent riksdag, distracted by fierce party
strife. Twice he endeavoured to free himself from the intoler- ( propitious in the coming year. This festival, like that at Athens, able tutelage of the estates. The first occasion was in 1755 f was held

late

LATE

in summer; at Byblus, where' the mourning when, stimulated by his imperious

consort

CONSORT (Lat. consors, a companion)

Louisa Ulrica, sister
of Frederick the

Great

GREAT

, he tried to regain a portion of the attenuated prerogative, and nearly lost his throne in consequence. On the second occasion, under the guidance of his eldest son, the crown prince Gustavus, afterwards Gustavus III., he succeeded in overthrowing the tyrannous "Cap " senate, but was unable to make any use of his victory. He died of surfeit at Stockholm on the 12th of February 1771.
See R. Nisbet Bain, Gustavus III. and his Contemporaries, vol. i. (London, 1895). (R. N. B.)

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