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Encyclopedia Britannica



ADAPTATION (from Lat. adaptare. to fit to)

This article appears in Volume V01, Page 183 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: ADA-AIZ
ADAPTATION (from Lat. adaptare. to fit to) , a process of fitting, or modifying, a thing to other uses, and so altering its form or
original
  purpose. In literature there may be, e.g., an adaptation of a novel for a drama, or in music an arrangement of a piece for two hands into one for four, &c. In
biology
 , ac-cording to the
doctrine
  of
evolution
 , adaptation plays a prominent
part
  as the process by which an organism or species of organisms becomes modified to suit the conditions of its
life
 . Every
change
  in a living organism involves adaptation; for in all cases life consists in a continuous adjustment of internal to external relations. Every living organism reacts to its environment; if the reaction is unfavourable,
disability
  leading to ultimate extinction is the result. If the reaction is favourable, its result is called an adaptation. How far such adaptations are produced afresh in each
generation
 , whether or no their effects are transmitted to descendants and so directly modify the stock, to what extent adaptations characteristic of a species or variety have come about by selection of individuals capable, in each
generation
 , of responding favourably, or how far by the selection of individuals fortuitously suitable to the environment, or, how far, possibly by the
inheritance
  of the responses to the environment, are problems of
biology
  not yet definitely solved.


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