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Encyclopedia Britannica



ACTINOZOA

This article appears in Volume V01, Page 158 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: A10-ADA
ACTINOZOA , a
term
  in systematic
zoology
 , first used by H. M. D. de
Blainville
  about 1834, to designate animals the
organs
  of which were disposed radially about a centre. De
Blainville
  included in his group many unicellular forms such as Noctiluca (see PROTOZOA), sea-anemones, corals, jelly-fish and hydroid polyps, echinoderms, polyzoa and rotifera. T. H. Huxley afterwards restricted the
term
 . He showed that in de Blainville's group there were associated with a number of heterogeneous forms a group of animals characterized"by being composed of two layers of cells comparable with the first two layers in the development of vertebrate animals. Such forms he distinguished as Coelentera, and showed that they had no
special
  affinity with echinoderms, polyzoa, &c. He divided the Coelentera into a group
Hydrozoa
 , in which the sexually produced embryos were usually set free from the surface of the
body
 , and a group Actinozoa, in which the embryos are detached from the interior of the
body
  and escape generally by the oral aperture. Huxley's Actinozoa comprised the sea-anemones, corals and sea-pens, on the one hand, and the
Ctenophora
  on the other. Later investigations, whilst confirming the general validity of Huxley's conclusions, have slightly altered the limits and
definitions
  of his groups. (See ANTHOZOA, COELENTERA,
CTENOPHORA
  and
HYDROZOA
 .) (P. C. M.)


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