ACNE

This article appears in Volume V01, Page 150 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: A10-ADA

ACNE , a skin eruption produced by inflammation of the sebaceous glands and

hair

HAIR (a word common to Teutonic languages)

follicles, the essential point in the disease being the plugging of the mouths of the sebaceous follicles by a " comedo," familiarly known as " blackhead." It is now generally acknowledged that the cause of this disease is the organism known as bacillus acnes. It shows itself in the form of red pimples or papules, which may become pustular and be attended with considerable surrounding irritation of the skin. This affection is likewise most common in early adult life, and occurs on the chest and back as well as on the face, where it may, when of much extent, produce considerable disfigurement. It is apt to persist for months or even years, but usually in time disappears entirely, although slight traces may remain in the form of scars or stains upon the skin. Eruptions of this kind are sometimes produced by the continued internal use of certain drugs, such as the iodide or bromide of potassium. In treating this

condition

CONDITION (Lat. condicio, from condicere, to agree upon, arrange; not connected with conditio, from condere, conditum, to put together)

the face should first of all be held over steaming water for several minutes, and then thoroughly bathed. The blackheads should next be removed, not with the

finger

FINGER

-nail, but with an inexpensive little

instrument

INSTRUMENT (Lat. instrumentum, from insincere, to build up, furnish, arrange, prepare)

known as the " comedo expressor." When the more noticeable of the blackheads have been expressed, the face should be firmly rubbed for three or four minutes with a lather made from a

special

SPECIAL

soap composed of

sulphur

SULPHUR

, camphor and balsam of Peru. Any lather remaining on the face at the end of this time should be wiped off with a soft handkerchief. As this treatment might give rise to some irritation of the skin, it should be replaced every fourth night by a simple application of cold cream. Of drugs used internally sulphate of

calcium

CALCIUM [symbol Ca, atomic weight 40.0 (o= x6)]

, in pill, s

grain

GRAIN (derived through the French from Lat. granum, seed, from an Aryan root meaning " to wear down," which also appears in the common Teutonic word " corn ")

three times a day, is a very useful adjunct to the preceding. The patient should take plenty of exercise in the fresh air, a very simple but nourishing diet, and, if present, constipation and anaemia musttbe suitably treated.
Rosacea, popularly known as acne rosacea, is a more severe and troublesome disorder, a true dermatitis with no relation to the foregoing, and in most cases secondary to seborrhea of the scalp. It is characterized by

great

GREAT

redness of the nose and cheeks, accompanied by pustular enlargements on the surface of the skin, which produce marked disfigurement. Although often seen in persons who live too freely, it is by no means con-fined to such, but may arise in connexion with disturbances of the general health, especially of the

function

FUNCTION

of digestion, and in females with menstrual disorders. It is apt to be exceedingly intractable to treatment, which is here too, as in the pre-ceding form, partly local and partly constitutional. Of internal remedies preparations of iodine and of arsenic are sometimes found of service.

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