ABU HANIFA

This article appears in Volume V01, Page 79 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

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ABU HANIFA AN-NU'MAN IBN THABIT,

Mahommedan

MAHOMMEDAN

canon lawyer, was born at Kufa in A.H. 8o (A.D. 699) of non-Arab and probably Persian parentage. Few events of his life are known to us with any certainty. He was a

silk

SILK

-dealer and a man of considerable means, so that he was able to give his time to legal studies. He lectured at Kufa upon canon law (figh) and was a consulting lawyer (mufti), but refused steadily to take any public post. When al-Mansur, however, was building Bagdad (145-149) Abu IJanifa was one of the four over-seers whom he appointed over the craftsmen (G. Le Strange, Baghdad during the Abbasid

Caliphate

CALIPHATE

, p. 17). In A.1I. 150 (A.D. 767) he died there under circumstances which are very differently reported. A persistent. but apparently later tradition
asserts that he- died in prison after severe beating, because he refused to obey al-Mansur's command to act as a judge (

cadi

CADI (g▃i)

, gddi). This was to avoid a responsibility for which he felt unfit a frequent attitude of more pious Moslems. Others say that al-Mandi, son of al-Mansur, actually constrained him to be a judge and that he died a few days after. It seems certain that he did suffer imprisonment and beating for this reason, at the hands of an earlier

governor

GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

of Kufa under the Omayyads (Ibn Qutaiba, Ma`arif, p. 248). Also that al-Mansur desired to make him judge, but compromised upon his inspectorship of buildings (so in Tabari). A

late

LATE

story is that the judgeship was only a pretext with al-Mansur, who considered him a partisan of the 'Alicia and a helper with his wealth of Ibrahim ibn `Abd Allah in his insurrection at Kufa in 145 (Weil, Geschichte, ii. 53 ff.).
For many personal anecdotes see de Slane's transl. of Ibn Khallikan iii. 555 if., iv. 272 if. For his place as a speculative jurist in the history of canon law, see

MAHOMMEDAN

MAHOMMEDAN

LAW. He was buried in eastern Bagdad, where his tomb still exists, one of the few surviving sites from the time of al-Manur, the founder. (Le Strange 191 ff.)
See C. Brockelmann, Geschichte, i. 169 ff.; Nawawi's Biogr. Diet. pp. 698-770; Ibn Hajar al-Haitami's

Biography

BIOGRAPHY (from the Gr. (3ios, life, and yp&4 , writing)

, publ. Cairo, A.H. 1304; legal bibliography under MAHOMMEDAN LAW. (D. B. MA.)

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