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Encyclopedia Britannica



ABNER (Hebrew for "father of [or is a] light ")

This article appears in Volume V01, Page 66 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: A10-ADA
ABNER (Hebrew for "father of [or is a] light ") , in the Bible, first
cousin
  of
Saul
  and
commander
 -in-
chief
  of his army (i Sam. xiv. 50, XX. 25). He is only referred to incidentally in -
Saul
 's history (1 Sam. xvii. 55, xxvi. 5), and is not mentioned in the account of the disastrous battle of Gilboa when Saul's power was crushed. Seizing. the only surviving son, Ishbaal, he set him up as king over
Israel
  at Mahanaim,
east
  of the Jordan. David, who was accepted as king by Judah alone, was mean-while reigning at Hebron, and for some time war was carried on between the two parties. The only engagement between the rival factions which is told at. length is noteworthy, inasmuch as it was preceded by an encounter at Gibeon between twelve chosen men from each side, in which the whole twenty-four seem to have perished (2 Sam. ii. 12).1 In the general engagement which followed,
Abner
  was defeated and put to flight. He was closely pursued by Asahel, brother of Joab, who is said to have been " light of foot as a wild roe.". As Asahel would not desist from the pursuit, though warned,
Abner
  was compelled to slay him in self-defence. This originated a deadly
feud
  between the leaders of the opposite parties, for Joab, as next of kin to Asahel, was by the law and. custom of the country the avenger of his blood. For some time. afterwards the war was carried on, the advantage being invariably on the side of David. At length Ishbaal lost the main prop of his tottering cause by remonstrating with Abner for marrying Rizpah, one of Saul's concubines, an alliance which, according to Oriental notions, implied pre-tensions to the throne (cp. 2 Sam. xvi. 21 sqq.; 1 Kings ii. 21 sqq.). Abner was indignant at the deserved rebuke, and immediately opened negotiatons with David, who welcomed him on the condition that his wife Michal should be restored to him. This was done, and the proceedings were ratified by a feast.. Almost immediately after, however, Joab, who had been sent away, perhaps intentionally returned and slew Abner at the gate of Hebron. The ostensible
motive
  for the assassinatio s was a desire to avenge Asahel, and this would be a sufficient
justification
  for the deed according to the moral standard of the-time. The conduct of David after the event was such as to show that he had no complicity in the act, though he could not venture to punish its perpetrators (2 Sam. iii. 3r-39; cp. Y Kings ii. 31 seq.). (See DAVID.)


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