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Encyclopedia Britannica



ABKHASIA, or ABHASIA

This article appears in Volume V01, Page 65 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: A10-ADA
ABKHASIA, or ABHASIA , a
tract
  of
Russian
  Caucasia, government of
Kutais
 . The Caucasus mountains on the N. and N.E. divide it from Circassia; on the S.E. it is bounded by Mingrelia;
1. 3and on the S.W. by the Black Sea. Though the country is generally mountainous, with dense forests of oak and
walnut
 , there are some deep, well-watered valleys, and the climate is mild. The soil is fertile, producing wheat, maize, grapes,
figs
 , pomegranates and wine. Cattle and horses are bred. Honey is produced; and excellent arms are made. This country was subdued (c. 55o) by the Emperor Justinian, who introduced Christianity. Native dynasties ruled from 735 to the 15th
century
 , when the region was conquered by the Turks and became
Mahommedan
 . The Russians acquired possession of it piecemeal between 1829 and 1842, but their power was not firmly established until after 1864. Area, 2800 sq. m. The
principal
  town is Sukhum-kaleh. Pop. 43,000, of whom two-thirds are Mingrelians and one-third Abkhasians, a Cherkess or Circassian race. The
total
  number of Abkhasians in the two governments of
Kutais
  and Kuban was 72,103 in 1897; large numbers emigrated to the Turkish
empire
  in 1864 and 1878.


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