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Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: A10-ADA |
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ABBESS (Lat. abbatissa, fem. form of abbas, abbot) , the female superior of an abbey or convent of nuns. The mode of election, position, rights and authority of an abbess correspond generally with those of an abbot (q.v.). The office is elective, the choice being by the secret votes of the sisters from their own body
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By Celtic usage abbesses presided over joint -houses of monks and nuns. This custom accompanied Celtic monastic missions to France and Spain, and even to Rome itself. At a later period, A.D. 1115, Robert, the founder of Fontevraud, committed the government of the whole order, men as well as women, to a female superior.In the German Evangelical church the title of abbess (Aebtissin) has in some casese.g. Itzehoesurvived to designate the heads of abbeys which since the Reformation have continued as Stifle, i.e. collegiate foundations
home and an income for unmarried ladies, generally of noble birth
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