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Encyclopedia Britannica



ABBAS I

This article appears in Volume V01, Page 10 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: A10-ADA
ABBAS I . (c. 15571628 or 1629), shah of Persia, called the
Great
 , was the son of shah Mahommed (d. 1586). In the midst of general anarchy in Persia, he was proclaimed ruler of Khorasan, and obtained possession of the Persian throne in 1586. Deter-
mined
  to raise the fallen fortunes of his country, he firstdirected his efforts against the predatory Uzbegs, who occupied and harassed Khorasan. After a
long
  and severe struggle, he regained Meshed, defeated them in a
great
  battle near Herat in 1597, and drove them out of his dominions. In the wars he carried on with the Turks during nearly the whole of his reign, his successes were numerous, and he acquired, or regained, a large extent of territory. By the victory he gained at Bassora in 1605 he ex-tended his empire beyond the Euphrates; sultan Ahmed I. was forced to cede
Shirvan
  and Kurdistan in 1611; the united armies of the Turks and
Tatars
  were completely defeated near Sultanieh in 1618, and Abbas made peace on very favourable terms; and on the Turks renewing the war, Bagdad fell into his hands after a year's siege in 1623. In 1622 he took the
island
  of Ormuz from the Portuguese, by the assistance of the British, and much of its
trade
  was diverted to the town of Bander-Abbasi, which was named after the shah. When he died, his dominions reached from the
Tigris
  to the Indus. Abbas distinguished himself, not only by his successes in arms, and by the magnificence of his court and of the buildings which he erected, but also by his re-forms in the administration of his kingdom. He encouraged commerce, and, by constructing highways and building bridges, did much to facilitate it. To foreigners, especially Christians, he showed a spirit of tolerance; two Englishmen, Sir Anthony and Sir Robert Shirley, or Sherley, were admitted to his confidence. His fame is tarnished, however, by numerous deeds of tyranny and cruelty. His own family, especially, suffered from his fits of jealousy; his eldest son was slain, and the eyes of his other children were put out, by his orders.
See The Three
Brothers
 , or Travels of Sir Anthony, Sir Robert Sherley, &c. (London, 1825) ; Sir C. R. Markham, General Sketch of the History of Persia (London, 1874).


End of Article: ABBAS I


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