ABBAS I

This article appears in Volume V01, Page 10 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: A10-ADA

ABBAS I . (c. 15571628 or 1629), shah of Persia, called the

Great

GREAT

, was the son of shah Mahommed (d. 1586). In the midst of general anarchy in Persia, he was proclaimed ruler of Khorasan, and obtained possession of the Persian throne in 1586. Deter-

mined

MINED

to raise the fallen fortunes of his country, he firstdirected his efforts against the predatory Uzbegs, who occupied and harassed Khorasan. After a

long

LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

and severe struggle, he regained Meshed, defeated them in a

great

GREAT

battle near Herat in 1597, and drove them out of his dominions. In the wars he carried on with the Turks during nearly the whole of his reign, his successes were numerous, and he acquired, or regained, a large extent of territory. By the victory he gained at Bassora in 1605 he ex-tended his empire beyond the Euphrates; sultan Ahmed I. was forced to cede

Shirvan

SHIRVAN

and Kurdistan in 1611; the united armies of the Turks and

Tatars

TATARS (the common form Tartars is less correct)

were completely defeated near Sultanieh in 1618, and Abbas made peace on very favourable terms; and on the Turks renewing the war, Bagdad fell into his hands after a year's siege in 1623. In 1622 he took the

island

ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

of Ormuz from the Portuguese, by the assistance of the British, and much of its

trade

was diverted to the town of Bander-Abbasi, which was named after the shah. When he died, his dominions reached from the

Tigris

TIGRIS (Old Persian Tigrd, Diklat of the cuneiform inscriptions, Hiddekel of the Old Testament, Diglath of the Targum, Digla of the Arabs)

to the Indus. Abbas distinguished himself, not only by his successes in arms, and by the magnificence of his court and of the buildings which he erected, but also by his re-forms in the administration of his kingdom. He encouraged commerce, and, by constructing highways and building bridges, did much to facilitate it. To foreigners, especially Christians, he showed a spirit of tolerance; two Englishmen, Sir Anthony and Sir Robert Shirley, or Sherley, were admitted to his confidence. His fame is tarnished, however, by numerous deeds of tyranny and cruelty. His own family, especially, suffered from his fits of jealousy; his eldest son was slain, and the eyes of his other children were put out, by his orders.
See The Three

Brothers

BROTHERS, RICHARD (1757-1824)

, or Travels of Sir Anthony, Sir Robert Sherley, &c. (London, 1825) ; Sir C. R. Markham, General Sketch of the History of Persia (London, 1874).

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