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Encyclopedia Britannica



ABANA (or AMANAH, classical Chrysorrhoas)

This article appears in Volume V01, Page 6 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: A10-ADA
ABANA (or AMANAH, classical Chrysorrhoas) and PHARPAR, the " rivers of Damascus " (2 Kings v. 12), now generally identified with the Barada (i.e. " cold ") and the A'waj (i.e. " crooked ") respectively, though if the reference to Damascus be limited to the city, as in the Arabic version of the Old Testament, Pharpar would be the
modern
  Taura. Both streams run from west to
east
  across the plain of Damascus, which owes to them much of its fertility, and lose themselves in marshes, or lakes, as they are called, on the borders of the
great
  Arabian
desert
 . John M'Gregor, who gives an interesting description of them in his Rob Roy on the Jordan, affirmed that as a
work
  of hydraulic
engineering
 , the
system
  and construction of the canals, by which the Abana and Pharpar were used for irrigation, might be considered as one of the most
complete
  and extensive in the world. As the Barada escapes from the mountains through a narrow gorge, its waters spread out fan-like, in canals or " rivers," the name of one of which, Nahr Banias, retains a trace of Abana.


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