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General Information
The Koran, or Qur'an (Arabic for "recital"), is the Sacred Scripture of Islam. Muslims acknowledge it as the actual words of God revealed to the Prophet Muhammad between c.610 and his death (632). The text contains 114 chapters (suras), arranged--except for the opening sura--approximately according to length, beginning with the longer chapters.
It is generally believed that the standard text of the Koran, adopted during the reign (644-56) of the caliph Uthman, is based on the compilation of one of Muhammad's secretaries, Zayd Ibn Thalbit. By calligraphic copying of its verses, and in many other ways as well, Muslims express their devotion to this Scripture over which, they trust, God himself watches (15:9).
Willem A. Bijlefeld
Bibliography:
Ali, Abdullah Yusuf, The Holy Qur'an, 2 vols.
(1937-38; repr. 1973); Arberry, A. J., The Koran
Interpreted, 2 vols. (1955; repr. 1969); Bell, Richard,
Introduction to the Qur'an, ed. by W. Montgomery Watt, 2d
ed. (1970); Jeffery, Arthur, The Qur'an as Scripture
(1952); Pickthall, Marmaduke, trans., The Meaning of the
Glorious Koran (1930; repr. 1970).
Editor's Note
As mentioned in the above article, the Koran is believed by Muslims to ACTUALLY be the words of God (Allah) as given to their Prophet Muhammad. It was originally written down (in Arabic) around 645 AD, around 10-15 years after Muhammad's death.
By the year 325 AD, three hundred years before the Koran, Christians had established the concept of the Trinity, as being ONE God, Who seemed to exist as Three different Persons, the Father (YHWH or Jehovah), the Son (Jesus) and the Holy Ghost, and never varied from that. If the Koran is actually the words of God (Allah), and not altered in any way since they were given to Muhammad, it seems odd that the Koran presents the Christian Trinity as being God, Jesus, and Mary! (Sura 5:116) This seems to imply that God (Allah) made a mistake, or Muhammad made a mistake, or later copyists/commentators made a mistake (several times, as at Sura 5.77 and Sura 4.169). Scholars see such things as obvious problems, but virtually all Muslims overlook them, and consider anyone bringing up such things as blasphemous.
Over the past two hundred years, scholars have found hundreds of such apparent errors. Many are in sentences that have incorrect Arabic grammar. There have been listed either 107 (al-Suyuti) or 275 (Jeffery) words in the Koran which are not even Arabic. Several dozen problems are stories that had long been proven untrue, but which had been published in previous centuries by aberrant Christians and Jews who had written books that resembled Biblical Books, and which are now called "apocryphal". Such stories which were already known wrong also appear in the Koran. If God said such things, or Muhammed announced them, it would seem that something is wrong somewhere.
There are many scholarly books which are in print that discuss those very many obvious errors. Islam seems very intent on ignoring and suppressing such analytical scholasticism of their Koran and their Faith. They regularly go so far as to issue Fatwas (death sentences) on authors like Salman Rushdie (by the Ayatollah Khomeini, in 1989) for publishing works that question anything in Islam. Actually, soon after that, hundreds of authors and journalists were executed and buried in mass graves because they had written books or articles critical of Islam.
We do not want to get into all those criticisms, many of which seem extremely persuasive, as the Trinity/Mary one seems to be. Rather, our intent here is to present aspects of the Koran (and therefore, of Islam) which are parallel to, and possibly taken directly from Christian and Jewish sources. For example, 502 verses in 36 Suras of the Koran are about Moses, directly from the Jewish Pentateuch. Two hundred forty-five verses in 25 Suras are about Abraham, from the same source, and 131 more verses in 28 Suras are about Noah, from the Pentateuch.
There is actually a secondary complication that arises in this area. Modern scholarly research has discovered a number of flaws in the (modern) wording of the Jewish Pentateuch Books, which is generally believed to have occurred due to imprecise copying by Scribes over the many early centuries. But, as the Koran presents those (now know to be incorrect) stories, that seems to imply that God (Allah) either deceived Muhammad as to the Truth or He really didn't directly provide it, except through the earlier sources.
Extending that thought, Muhammad's claim that the Koran was "God's Word" would still be indirectly true, as the majority of the Koran's 80,000 words, actually came from much older Manuscripts from God, primarily the Pentateuch (Torah, or Taurat). It's just that the accumulated errors of those earlier documents had become absorbed into the Koran as a result. Whether or not Muhammad actually conversed with God (Allah) in those caves, at least some of the Koran is certainly directly based on (flawed) earlier Manuscripts.
Muslim Tradition asserts that one of Uthman's generals had asked the Caliph to make a collection of the contents of the Koran, because serious disputes had broken out among his troops from different provinces in regard to the correct readings of the Koran. Uthman chose Zayd ibn Thabit to prepare the official text. That Tradition indicates that he carefully revised the Koran, by comparing portions held by Umar's daughter with his own, with careful analysis regarding dialect.
A different Tradition still credits Zayd, but much earlier, during Abu Bakr's very brief period as Caliph. In this case, the motivation was allegedly that so many people who had known the Koran by heart had died in battles, and the concern was to write it down before it might be irretrievably lost, and this was the version that was later held by Umar's daughter, Hafsa.
Other Traditions indicate that it was collected during the Caliphates of Umar or Ali. So there is no actual agreement in Tradition as to exactly when it was collected. The Uthman Tradition is generally considered the most likely.
Muslims today generally insist that their Koran is precisely the wording of the original, and they therefore criticize the many "Versions" of the Christian Bible (even though all those Versions are actually translations of the very same original Greek and Aramaic source Manuscripts). But such a claim is incorrect. There are at least 14 variant Arabic versions of the Koran, and possibly several more. These arose due to the method of writing and copying. (Short) Vowels were not recorded, only the consonants. The short vowels could sometimes be represented by a comma-like or slanting-dash mark either above or below a letter. Also, differences between 'b' and 't' and 'th', identical except for dots (points) that distinguish them, were unclear because the dots were not recorded in the consonantal text of the time. Other letter/sound pairs have exactly identical symbols. Therefore, a reader or a copyist could sometimes read different actual words from the same set of symbols.
As a result, a number of codices developed:
Very Early:
Later, the Koranic scholar Ibn Mujahid (early 900s AD) fixed on one
system of consonants and some control on application of vowels,
which resulted in the general acceptance of seven basic systems:
Each of these seven actually had two variants, due to different
pathways:
Fourteen readings in all. Some scholars recognize even more.
Three of these prevailed, for uncertain reasons: Warsh (around 800 AD), Hafs (around 800 AD) and al-Duri Abu Amr (around 850 AD). Currently, Hafs is used by Egyptians (adopted 1924), and Warsh, which is used in nearly all the rest of Africa.
A brief mention should be made regarding the "Satanic Verses" that inspired author Rushdie to write the book that caused his death sentence. Unimpeachable Muslim sources (Waqidi and al-Tabari) indicate that, prior to the flight to Medina, Muhammad was sitting with some important Meccan leaders, next to the Kaaba, and he began to recite Sura 53, which describes the Angel Gabriel's first and second visits to Muhammad.
The wording was: "What do you think of Lat and Uzza And Manat the third beside? These are exalted Females, Whose intercession verily is to be sought after."
These references were to some of the many Gods the Meccans then worshipped, so the words seem to acknowledge the existence and even the importance of them, TOTALLY opposite of what Islam claims (of the One God, Allah). Islam says that Muhammad was later visited by Gabriel again, who reprimanded him and gave him the "true" ending for that verse, which eliminated the praise for the gods and turned it into denigration. They consider those initial verses as being put into his mouth by Satan, i.e. Satanic Verses.
These verses represent a serious problem for Muslims. They seem to imply that Muhammad was carefully cultivating the Meccan leaders by saying things they "politically" wanted to hear. That idea would greatly damage his credibility as a Prophet. His sincerity would seem to be in question. On the other hand, if Satan was so easily able to put words in the mouth of the Prophet, how much Faith could anyone put in him? Might there be (many?) other passages where Satan affected the wording of the Koran?
There is one other major matter that should be mentioned. After Muhammad had become well established as leader in Medina, he considered returning to Mecca to conquer it and to convert the population there to Islam. Very late, he realized that his people were not yet ready for a battle, and so he entered into negotiations with the Meccans regarding permission to make a Pilgrimage to Mecca the following year, in return for Muhammad's promises of a few simple things (the Peace of Hudaibiya). Muhammad broke those promises, according to accepted Muslim sources (such as Ibn Ishaq). Since he had made those promises, as Prophet, and for a religious purpose, the fact that he soon broke them, is sometimes seen as behavior not appropriate to any ethical leader, and certainly not to a Prophet.
Finally, we list the most revered Muslim commentators on the Koran:
(The earliest accurate English translation of the Koran was by George Sale in 1734.
| Old Testament | Koran |
| Aaron | Harun |
| Abel | Habil |
| Abraham | Ibrahim |
| Adam | Adam |
| Cain | Qabil |
| David | Daud |
| Elias | Ilyas |
| Elijah | Alyasa |
| Enoch | Idris |
| Ezra | Uzair |
| Gabriel | Jibril |
| Gog (Gen 10:2; Ezek 38) | Yajuj |
| Goliath | Jalut |
| Isaac | Ishaq |
| Ishmael | Ismail |
| Jacob | Yacub |
| Job | Aiyub |
| Jonah | Yunus |
| Joshua | Yusha' |
| Joseph | Yusuf |
| Korah | Qarun |
| Lot | Lut |
| Magog (Gen 10:2; Ezek 38) | Majuj |
| Michael | Mikail |
| Moses | Musa |
| Noah | Nuh |
| Pharaoh | Firaun |
| Saul | Talut |
| Solomon | Sulaiman |
| Terah | Azar |
650 AD
Translated by E H Palmer
(Editor's Note: This translation refers to Allah as God, Jibril as Gabriel, and other names that are familiar from the Christian Bible. We include this excerpt in BELIEVE not as a religious guide, but to assist Western people in better understanding Muslim beliefs. We have also highlighted certain text for the same reason.
Muslims fully believe that the Koran is actually Allah's (God's) words. Because they are concerned that poor translations could corrupt the true meaning of those words, they ONLY consider as a valid Koran, one which has translated text on one page and the original Arabic on the opposite. They feel that in that way, corruption cannot occur. This excerpt obviously does not include the Arabic original, so strict Muslims would not approve of it.)
In the name of the merciful and compassionate God. Praise belongs to God, the Lord of the worlds, the merciful, the compassionate, the ruler of the day of judgment! Thee we serve and Thee we ask for aid. Guide us in the right path, the path of those Thou art gracious to; not of those Thou art wroth with; nor of those who err.
(Editor's Note: This opening Chapter (or Sura), called Fatiha or Fatihah, is included as part of all religious Prayers by Muslims.)
IN the name of the merciful and compassionate God. Alif Lam Mim. That is the book! there is no doubt therein; a guide to the pious, who believe in the unseen, and are steadfast in prayer, and of what we have given them expend in alms; who believe in what is revealed to thee, and what was revealed before thee, and of the hereafter they are sure. These are in guidance from their Lord, and these are the prosperous. Verily, those who misbelieve, it is the same to them if ye warn them or if ye warn them not, they will not believe. God has set a seal upon their hearts and on their hearing; and on their eyes is dimness, and for them is grievous woe. And there are those among men who say, 'We believe in God and in the last day;' but they do not believe. They would deceive God and those who do believe; but they deceive only themselves and they do not perceive. In their hearts is a sickness, and God has made them still more sick, and for them is grievous woe because they lied. And when it is said to them, 'Do not evil in the earth,' they say, 'We do but what is right.'
Are not they the evildoers? and yet they do not perceive. And when it is said to them, 'Believe as other men believe,' they say, 'Shall we believe as fools believe?' Are not they themselves the fools? and yet they do not know. And when they meet those who believe, they say, 'We do believe;' but when they go aside with their devils, they say, 'We are with you; we were but mocking!' God shall mock at them and let them go on in their rebellion, blindly wandering on. Those who buy error for guidance, their traffic profits not, and they are not guided. Their likeness is as the likeness of one who kindles a fire; and when it lights up all around, God goes off with their light, and leaves them in darkness that they cannot see.
Deafness, dumbness, blindness, and they shall not return! Or like a storm - cloud from the sky, wherein is darkness and thunder and lightning; they put their fingers in their ears at the thunder - clap, for fear of death, for God encompasses the misbelievers. The lightning well - nigh snatches off their sight, whenever it shines for them they walk therein; but when it is dark for them they halt; and if God willed He would go off with their hearing and their sight; verily, God is mighty over all.
O ye folk! serve your Lord who created you and those before you; haply ye may fear! who made the earth for you a bed and the heaven a dome; and sent down from heaven water, and brought forth therewith fruits as a sustenance for you; so make no peers for God, the while ye know!
And if ye are in doubt of what we have revealed unto our servant, then bring a chapter like it, and call your witnesses other than God if ye tell truth. But if ye do it not, and ye shall surely do it not, then fear the fire whose fuel is men and stones, prepared for misbelievers. But bear the glad tidings to those who believe and work righteousness, that for them are gardens beneath which rivers flow; whenever they are provided with fruit therefrom they say, 'This is what we were provided with before,' and they shall be provided with the like; and there are pure wives for them therein, and they shall dwell therein for aye.
Why, God is not ashamed to set forth a parable of a gnat, or anything beyond; and as for those who believe, they know that it is truth from the Lord; but as for those who disbelieve, they say, 'What is it that God means by this as a parable? He leads astray many and He guides many;' - but He leads astray only the evildoers; who break God's covenant after the fixing thereof, and cut asunder what God has ordered to be joined, and do evil in the earth; - these it is who lose.
How can ye disbelieve in God, when ye were dead and He made you alive, and then He will kill you and then make you alive again, and then to Him will ye return? It is He who created for you all that is in the earth, then he made for the heavens and fashioned them seven heavens; and He knows all things.
And when thy Lord said unto the angels, 'I am about to place a vicegerent in the earth,' they said, 'Wilt Thou place therein one who will do evil therein and shed blood? we celebrate Thy praise and hallow Thee.' Said (the Lord), 'I know what ye know not.' And He taught Adam the names, all of them; then He propounded them to the angels and said, 'Declare to me the names of these, if ye are truthful.' They said, 'Glory be to Thee! no knowledge is ours but what Thou thyself hast taught us, verily, Thou art the knowing, the wise.' Said the Lord, 'O Adam declare to them their names;' and when he had declared to them their names He said, 'Did I not say to you, I know the secrets of the heavens and of the earth, and I know what ye show and what ye were hiding?' And when we said to the angels, 'Adore Adam,' they adored him save only Iblis, who refused and was too proud and became one of the misbelievers. And we said, 'O Adam dwell, thou and thy wife, in Paradise, and eat therefrom amply as you wish; but do not draw near this tree or ye will be of the transgressors.
And Satan made them backslide therefrom and drove them out from what they were in, and we said, 'Go down, one of you the enemy of the other, and in the earth there is an abode and a provision for a time.' And Adam caught certain words from 'his Lord, and He turned towards him, for He is the compassionate one easily turned. We said, 'Go down therefrom altogether and haply there may come from me a guidance, and whoso follows my guidance, no fear is theirs, nor shall they grieve. But those who misbelieve, and call our signs lies, they are the fellows of the Fire, they shall dwell therein for aye.'
O ye children of Israel! remember my favours which I have favoured you with; fulfil my covenant and I will fulfil your covenant; me therefore dread. Believe in what I have revealed, verifying what ye have got, and be not the first to disbelieve in it, and do not barter my signs for a little price, and me do ye fear. Clothe not truth with vanity, nor hide the truth the while ye know. Be steadfast in prayer, give the alms, and bow down with those who bow. Will ye order men to do piety and forget yourselves? ye read the Book, do ye not then understand? Seek aid with patience and prayer, though it is a hard thing save for the humble, who think that they will meet their Lord, and that to Him will they return.
O ye children of Israel! remember my favours which I have favoured you with, and that I have preferred you above the worlds. Fear the day wherein no soul shall pay any recompense for another soul, nor shall intercession be accepted for it, nor shall compensation be taken from it, nor shall they be helped.
When we saved you from Pharaoh's people who sought to wreak you evil and woe, slaughtering your sons and letting your women live; in that was a great trial for you from your Lord. When we divided for you the sea and saved you and drowned Pharaoh's people while ye looked on.
When we treated with Moses forty nights, then ye took the calf after he had gone and ye did wrong. Yet then we forgave you after that; perhaps ye may be grateful. And when we gave Moses the Scriptures and the Discrimination; perhaps ye will be guided. When Moses said to his people, 'O my people! Ye have wronged yourselves in taking this calf; repent unto your Creator and kill each other; that will be better for you in your Creator's eyes; and He turned unto you, for He is the compassionate one easily turned.' And when ye said to Moses, 'O Moses! we will not believe in thee until we see God manifestly,' and the thunderbolt caught you while ye yet looked on. Then we raised you up after your death; perhaps ye may be grateful. And we overshadowed you with the cloud, and sent down the manna and the quails; 'Eat of the good things we have given you.' They not wrong us, but it was themselves they were wronging. And when we said, 'Enter this city and eat therefrom as plentifully as ye wish; and enter the gate worshipping and say 'hittatun. So will we pardon you your sins and give increase unto those who do well.'
But those who did wrong changed it for another word than that which was said to them: and we sent down upon those who did wrong, wrath from heaven for that they had so sinned.
When Moses, too, asked drink for his people and we said, 'Strike with thy staff the rock,' and from it burst forth twelve springs; each man among them knew his drinking place. 'Eat and drink of what God has provided, and transgress not on the earth as evildoers.'
And when they said, Moses, we cannot always bear one kind of food; pray then thy Lord to bring forth for us of what the earth grows, its green herbs, its cucumbers, its garlic, its lentils, and its onions.' Said he, 'Do ye ask what is meaner instead of what is best? Go down to Egypt, - there is what ye ask.' Then were they smitten with abasement and poverty, and met with wrath from God. That was because they had misbelieved in God's signs and killed the prophets undeservedly; that was for that they were rebellious and had transgressed.
Verily, whether it be of those who believe, or those who are Jews or Christians or Sabaeans, whosoever believe in God and the last day and act aright, they have their reward at their Lord's hand, and there is no fear for them, nor shall they grieve.
And when we took a covenant with you and held the mountain over you; 'Accept what we have brought you with strong will, and bear in mind what is therein, haply ye yet may fear.'
Then did ye turn aside after this, and were it not for God's grace towards you and His mercy, ye would have been of those who lose. Ye know too of those among you who transgressed upon the Sabbath, and we said, 'I Become ye apes, despised and spurned.'
Thus we made them an example unto those who stood before them, and those who should come after them, and a warning unto those who fear.
And when Moses said to his people, 'God bids you slaughter a cow,' they said, 'Art thou making a jest of us?' Said he, 'I seek refuge with God from being one of the unwise.' They said, 'Then pray thy Lord for us to show us what she is to be.' He answered, 'He saith it is a cow, nor old, nor young, of middle age between the two; so do as ye are bid.' They said, 'Pray now thy Lord to show us what her colour is to be.' He answered, 'He saith it is a dun cow, intensely dun, her colour delighting those who look upon her.'
Again they said, 'Pray thy Lord to show us what she is to be; for cows appear the same to us; then we, if God will, shall be guided.' He answered, He saith, it is a cow, not broken in to plough the earth or irrigate the tilth, a sound one with no blemish on her.' They said, 'Now hast thou brought the truth.' And they slaughtered her, though they came near leaving it undone.
When too ye slew a soul and disputed thereupon, and God brought forth that which ye had hidden, then we said, 'Strike him with part of her.' Thus God brings the dead to life and shows you His signs, that haply ye may understand.
Yet were your hearts hardened even after that, till they were as stones or harder still, for verily of stones are some from which streams burst forth, and of them there are some that burst asunder and the water issues out, and of them there are some that fall down for fear of God; but God is never careless of what ye do.
Do ye crave that they should believe you when already a sect of them have heard the word of God and then perverted it after they had understood it, though they knew?
And when they meet those who believe they say, 'We believe,' but when one goes aside with another they say, 'Will ye talk to them of what God has opened up to you, that they may argue with you upon it before your Lord? Do ye not therefore understand?' Do they not then know that God knoweth what they keep secret and what they make known abroad?
And some of them there are, illiterate folk, that know not the Book, but only idle tales; for they do but fancy. But woe to those who write out the Book with their hands and say 'this is from' God; to buy therewith a little price! and woe to them for what their hands have written, and woe to them for what they gain!
And then they say, 'Hell fire shall not touch us save for a number of days.' Say, 'Have ye taken a covenant with God?' but God breaks not His covenant. Or do ye say of God that which ye do not know?
Yea! whoso gains an evil gain, and is encompassed by his sins, those are the fellows of the Fire, and they shall dwell therein for aye! But such as act aright, those are the fellows of Paradise, and they shall dwell therein for aye!
And when we took from the children of Israel a covenant, saying, 'Serve ye none but God, and to your two parents show kindness, and to your kindred and the orphans and the poor, and speak to men kindly, and be steadfast in prayer, and give alms;' and then ye turned back, save a few of you, and swerved aside.
And when we took covenant from you, 'shed ye not your kinsman's blood, nor turn your kinsmen out of their homes:' then did ye confirm it and were witnesses thereto. Yet ye were those who slay your kinsmen and turn a party out of their homes, and back each other up against them with sin and enmity. But if they come to you as captives ye ransom them! - and yet it is as unlawful for you to turn them out. Do ye then believe in part of the Book and disbelieve in part? But the reward of such among you as do that shall be nought else but disgrace in this worldly life, and on the day of the resurrection shall they be driven to the most grievous torment, for God is not unmindful of what ye do.
Those who have bought this worldly life with the Future, the torment shall not be lightened from them nor shall they be helped.
We gave Moses the Book and we followed him up with other apostles, and we gave Jesus the son of Mary manifest signs and aided him with the Holy Spirit. Do ye then, every time an apostle comes to you with what your souls love not, proudly scorn him, and charge a part with lying and slay a part?
They say, 'Our hearts are uncircumcised;' nay, God has cursed them in their unbelief, and few it is who do believe. And when a book came down from God confirming what they had with them, though they had before prayed for victory over those who misbelieve, yet when that came to them which they knew, then they disbelieved it, - God's curse be on the misbelievers.
For a bad bargain have they sold their souls, not to believe in what God has revealed, grudging because God sends down of His grace on whomsoever of His servants He will; and they have brought on themselves wrath after wrath and for the misbelievers is there shameful woe.
And when they are told to believe in what God has revealed, they say, 'We believe in what has been revealed to us;' but they disbelieve in all beside, although it is the truth confirming what they have. Say, 'Wherefore did ye kill God's prophets of yore if ye were true believers?
Moses came to you with manifest signs, then ye took up with the calf when he had gone and did so wrong. And when we took a covenant with you and raised the mountain over you, 'Take what we have given you with resolution and hear;' they said, 'We hear but disobey;' and they were made to drink the calf down into their hearts for their unbelief. Say, 'An evil thing is it which your belief bids you do, if ye be true believers.' Say, 'If the abode of the future with God is yours alone and not mankind's: long for death then if ye speak the truth.' But they will never long for it because of what their hands have sent on before; but God is knowing as to the wrong doers.
Why, thou wilt find them the greediest of men for life; and of those who associate others with God one would fain live for a thousand years, - but he will not be reprieved from punishment by being let live, for God seeth what they do.
Say, 'Who is an enemy to Gabriel? for he hath revealed to thy heart, with God's permission, confirmation of what had been before, and a guidance and glad tidings to believers. Who is an enemy to God and His angels and His apostles and Gabriel and Michael? - Verily, God is an enemy to the unbelievers. We have sent down to thee conspicuous signs, and none will disbelieve therein except the evildoers. Or every time they make a covenant, will a part of them repudiate it? Nay, most of them do not believe.
And when there comes to them an apostle confirming what they have, a part of those who have received the Book repudiate God's book, casting it behind their backs as though they did not know. And they follow that which the devils recited against Solomon's kingdom; - it was not Solomon who misbelieved, but the devils who misbelieved, teaching men sorcery, - and what has been revealed to the two angels at Babylon, Harut and Marut; yet these taught no one until they said, 'We are but a temptation, so do not misbelieve.' Men learn from them only that by which they may part man and wife; but they can harm no one therewith, unless with the permission of God, and they learn what hurts them and profits them not. And yet they knew that he who purchased it would have no portion in the future; but sad is the price
(continues . . . )
Regarding Jesus and Mary
Behold! the angels said: "O Mary! God gives you glad tidings of a Word from Him; his name will be Jesus Christ, the son of Mary, held in honor in this world and the hereafter and of those nearest to God; he shall speak to the people in childhood and in maturity. And he shall be of the righteous." "How, O my Lord, shall I have a son, when no man has touched me?" asked Mary. He said, "Thus: God creates whatever He wants, when He decrees a thing He has only to say, 'Be' and it is. And God will teach him the Book and Wisdom, the Torah and the Gospel."
koran
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