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A Puritan Confession of Faith

 

Westminster Confession of Faith

General Information

Introduction

"With the heart man believeth unto righteousness, and with the mouth confession is made unto salvation." Ro. 10:10

"Search the Scriptures" John 5:39

Language updated and clarified, and extra proof texts and material gathered from the "Westminster Confession of Faith" - 1644 and "Second London Confession of Faith" - 1677

by Larry Pierce, 1992

The art of making catechisms and confessions reached its zenith in the time of the Puritans. During the most distressing times in England, the most famous English catechism and confession were drafted by the Puritans. All other attempts since then fall in the shadow of the work of the Westminster divines. This confession was produced by a unique people, men and women who lived such holy lives, they were derided by their enemies with the nickname of "pure-itans". J. I. Packer says of these godly men:

"What did the Puritans have that we lack today? ... Maturity! We are spiritual dwarfs. Protestantism is man-centred, manipulative, success-oriented, self-indulgent, and sentimental, 3000 miles wide and half an inch deep. The Puritans by contrast were spiritual giants. They served a great God and had a passion for godliness. Their Christian experience was natural and unselfconscious, while ours is often artificial and boastful. They were committed to spiritual integrity and had a fear of hypocrisy." (From the Emmaus Journal, p. 79, Fall 1991, by permission)

We have reproduced and updated the old Westminster work so you can more easily read and understand it. There is nothing sacred in old English spellings. We have not knowingly altered the intent of what was written, except on two points. In those times politics and the church were quite intertwined. I have followed the 1677 Confession and have omitted any chapters that would mix church and state. Also the chapter on Baptism was revised to reflect the 1677 Confession. However, in the main, this creed has been altered very little. I commend it to you for your study and edification.

Objections to the Creeds:

1) We have no creed but Christ.
Those who hold this view usually ignore any written creed of the church and indeed are usually quite unaware of any church history. This view contains no small amount of conceit. For, indeed they are saying in effect, that no one who has gone before has seen the truth in God's Word except them. This denies the very clarity of the Scriptures. How do we know they are correct?
2) The creeds are old-fashioned.
All God's truth is ancient. C.H. Spurgeon said:

"There shall be no new God, nor new devil, nor shall we ever have a new saviour, nor a new atonement. Why then should we be attracted by the error and nonsense which everywhere plead for a hearing because they are new? To suppose the Theology can be new is to imagine that the Lord himself is of yesterday. A doctrine lately true must of necessity be false. Falsehood has no beard, but truth is hoary with age immeasurable. The old Gospel is the only Gospel. Pity is our only feeling toward those young preachers who cry: `See my new Theology!' in just the same spirit as little Mary says: `See my pretty new frock!'"

God's truth does not change any more than he can change. Paul said in Hebrews 13:8, "Jesus Christ the same yesterday, today and for ever." Spurgeon commenting on this verse said this.

"Immutability is ascribed to Christ, and we remark the he was evermore to his people what he now is, for he was the same yesterday. Distinctions have been drawn by certain exceedingly wise men (measured by their own estimate of themselves), between the people of God who lived before the coming of Christ, and those who lived afterwards. We have even heard it asserted that those who lived before the coming of Christ do not belong to the church of God! We never know what we shall hear next, and perhaps it is a mercy that these absurdities are revealed one at a time, in order that we may be able to endure their stupidity without dying of amazement. Why, every child of God in every place stands on the same footing; the Lord has not some children best beloved, some second-rate offspring, and others whom he hardly cares about. These who saw Christ's day before it came, had a great difference as to what they knew, and perhaps in the same measure a difference as to what they enjoyed while on earth in meditating upon Christ; but they were all washed in the same blood, all redeemed with the same ransom price, and made members of the same body. Israel in the covenant of grace is not the natural Israel, but all believers in all ages. Before the first advent, all the types and shadows all pointed one way -- they pointed to Christ, and to him all the saints looked with hope. Those who lived before Christ were not saved with a different salvation to that which shall come to us. They exercised faith as we must; that faith struggled as ours struggles, and that faith obtained its reward as ours shall. As like as a man's face to that which he sees in a glass is the spiritual life of David to the spiritual life of the believer now. Take the book of Psalms in your hand, and forgetting for an instant that you have the representation of the life of one of the olden time, you might suppose that David wrote but yesterday. Even in what he writes of Christ, he seems as though he lived after Christ instead of before, and both in what he sees of himself and in what he sees of his Saviour, he appears to be rather a Christian writer than a Jew; I mean that living before Christ he has the same hopes and the same fears, the same joys and the same sorrows, there is the same estimate of his blessed Redeemer which you and I have in these times. Jesus was the same yesterday as an anointed Saviour to his people as he is today, and they under him receive like precious gifts. If the goodly fellowship of the prophets could be here today, they would all testify to you that he was the same in every office in their time as he is in these our days." (from Sermon No. 848, January 3, 1869)

In another article Spurgeon said:

"Those who labour to smoother `Calvinism' will find that it dies hard, and, it may be, they will come, after many defeats, to perceive the certain fact that it will outlive it opponents. Its funeral oration has been pronounced many times before now, but the performance has been premature. It will live when the present phase of religious misbelief has gone done to eternal execration amid the groans of those it has undone. Today it may be sneered at; nevertheless, it is but yesterday that it numbered among its adherents the ablest men of the age; and tomorrow, it may be, when once again there shall be giants in theology, it will come to the front, and ask in vain for its adversaries."

"Calvinism, pure and simple, is but one form of Evangelism; it is not perfect, for it lacks some of the balancing truths of the system which arose as a remonstrance against its mistakes, but still it contains within it so large a measure of divinely immortal truth that it will never die. `Modern thought' is but the thistledown upon the hillside; the wind shall carry it away, but the primeval mount of `Calvinism', which is none other than Pauline or Christian doctrine, shall stand fast for aye." (The Sword and the Trowel, Feb. 1874, p. 31)

These old creeds embody the truth of God as the church saw it at that time. We can learn much from what they wrote.

"Thus saith the LORD, Stand ye in the ways, and see, and ask for the old paths, where [is] the good way, and walk therein, and ye shall find rest for your souls. ..." (Jeremiah 6:16)

3) The creeds contained errors.
So does your phone book, but you use it anyway. No creed is perfect, not even this one. However, it does contain such a large body of God's truth, you will benefit from the study of it. Indeed, after some study, what you now consider errors, you may find were not errors at all.
4) The creeds are too difficult to understand.
This objection is really against God himself. In effect they are saying the Bible is too difficult to understand. Peter in referring to Paul's epistles:

"As also in all [his] epistles, speaking in them of these things; in which are some things hard to be understood, which they that are unlearned and unstable wrest, as [they do] also the other scriptures, unto their own destruction." (2 Peter 3:16)

Note that Peter did not say they were impossible to understand. He did not say everything was difficult to understand. If he had, you may have an excuse. However, there is much in the Bible that can be easily grasped by a person of average intelligence. To not even try is foolish.

I have found that even though there are things I do not understand today, as I keep studying, my knowledge grows. These creeds are the attempts by holy men of old to give you a road map into the deeper things of God's truth. Study them carefully and they will be better understood as time passes. There are many things you may not agree with. These ideas will stretch you spiritually. Keep studying. Some of the truths in these writings took me years to understand.

Conclusion

Take these two creeds, "The Confession" and the "Shorter Catechism". Master the shorter catechism first, and then study the "Confession" As time goes by you will better understand the truths contained in these two Puritan writings. Do not give up! May you be known for your holy living just as the Puritans were. God bless your study of his Word.


Chapter 1 - Of the Holy Scriptures

1) The Holy Scripture is the only sufficient, certain, and infallible rule of all saving knowledge, faith, and obedience. 2Ti 3:15-17 Isa 8:20 Lu 16:29,31 Eph 2:20. Although the light of nature and the works of creation and providence show the goodness, wisdom, and power of God, as to leave man inexcusable; Ro 2:14,15 1:19,20 Ps 19:1-3 Ro 1:32 2:1. yet they are not sufficient to give that knowledge of God and his will necessary to salvation. 1Co 1:21 2:13,14.

Therefore it pleased the Lord at various times, and in different ways, to reveal himself, and to declare his will to his Church; Heb 1:1, and afterward, for the better preserving and the propagating of the truth, and for the more sure establishment and comfort of the Church against the corruption of the flesh, and the malice of Satan, and of the world, the Lord committed this revelation wholly to writing; Pr 22:19-21 Lu 1:3,4 Ro 15:4 Mt 4:4,7,10 Isa 8:19,20, which makes the Holy Scriptures to be the most necessary, 2Ti 3:15 2Pe 1:19, since those former ways of God's revealing his will to his people have now ceased. Heb 1:1,2 1Co 13:9,10 Pr 30:6 Re 22:18,19.

2) Under the name of Holy Scripture, or the written Word of God; are now contained all the books of the Old and New Testament, which are these.

Of the Old Testament
Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy, Joshua, Judges, Ruth, 1 Samuel, 2 Samuel, 1 Kings, 2 Kings, 1 Chronicles, 2 Chronicles, Ezra, Nehemiah, Esther, Job, Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of Solomon, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Lamentations, Ezekiel, Daniel, Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi

Of the New Testament
Matthew, Mark, Luke, John, Acts, Romans, 1 Corinthians, 2 Corinthians, Galatians, Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, 1 Thessalonians, 2 Thessalonians, 1 Timothy, 2 Timothy, Titus, Philemon, Hebrews, James, 1 Peter, 2 Peter, 1 John, 2 John, 3 John, Jude, Revelation

All these books are given by inspiration of God, Lu 16:29,31 Eph 2:20 Re 22:18,19 2Ti 3:16, to be the only rule of faith and life.

3) The books commonly called Apocrypha not being of divine inspiration, are not part of the Canon (or rule) of the Scripture, and therefore are of no authority to the Church of God, nor to be any otherwise approved or made use of, than other human writings. Lu 24:27,44 Ro 3:2 2Pe 1:21

4) The authority of the Holy Scripture for which it ought to be believed depends not upon the testimony of any man, or church; but wholly upon God (who is truth itself) the author of it; therefore it is to be received, because it is the Word of God. 2Pe 1:19,21 2Ti 3:16 1Jo 5:9 2Th 2:13

5) We may be moved and induced by the testimony of the Church of God, to an high and reverent esteem of the Holy Scriptures; 1Ti 3:15, and the heavenliness of the matter, the efficacy of the doctrine, and the majesty of the style and the consent of all the parts, the scope of the whole, (which is to give all glory to God,) the full discovery it makes of the only way of man's salvation, and many other incomparable excellencies, and its entire perfections, are arguments whereby it does abundantly evidence itself to be the Word of God; yet, notwithstanding; our full persuasion, and assurance of the infallible truth, and its divine authority, is from the inward work of the Holy Spirit, bearing witness by and with the Word in our hearts. 1Jo 2:20,27 Joh 16:13,14 1Co 2:10-12 Isa 59:21

6) The whole counsel of God, concerning all things necessary for his own glory, man's salvation faith, and life, is either expressly set down in the scripture, or by good and necessary consequence may be deduced from the scripture: to which nothing at any time is to be added, whether by new revelations of the Spirit, or traditions of men. 2Ti 3:15-17 Ga 1:8,9 2Th 2:2. Nevertheless, we acknowledge the inward illumination of the Spirit of God to be necessary for the saving understanding of such things as are revealed in the word; Joh 6:45 1Co 2:9-12, and that there are some circumstances concerning the worship of God, and government of the Church, common to human actions and societies, which are to be ordered by the light of nature and Christian prudence, according to the general rules of the word, which are always to be observed. 1Co 11:13,14 14:26,40

7) All things in scripture are not alike plain in themselves, nor alike clear to all; 2Pe 3:16, yet those things which are necessary to be known, believed, and observed, for salvation, are so clearly propounded and opened in some place of scripture or other, that not only the learned, but the unlearned, in a due use of ordinary means, may attain to a sufficient understanding of them. Ps 119:105,130

8) The Old Testament in Hebrew, (which was the native language of the people of God of old), and the New Testament in Greek, (which was at the time of the writing of it most generally known to the nations), being immediately inspired by God, and by his singular care and providence kept pure in all ages, are therefore authentic; Mt 5:18, so as in all controversies of religion, the Church is finally to appeal to them. Isa 8:20 Ac 15:15 Joh 5:39,46, But because these original tongues are not known to all the people of God, who have right to and interest in the scriptures, and are commanded, in the fear of God, to read and search them, Joh 5:39, therefore they are to be translated into the spoken language of every nation to which they come, 1Co 14:6,9,11,12,24,27,28, that the word of God dwelling plentifully in all, that they may worship him in an acceptable manner. Col 3:16, and through patience and comfort of the scriptures, may have hope. Ro 15:4

9) The infallible rule of interpretation of scripture is the scripture itself; and therefore, when there is a question about the true and full sense of any scripture, (which is not manifold, but one), it must be searched and known by other places that speak more clearly. 2Pe 1:20,21 Ac 15:15,16

10) The supreme Judge, by which all controversies of religion are to be determined, and all degrees of councils, opinions of ancient writers, doctrines of men, and private spirits, are to be examined, and in whose sentence we are to rest, can be no other but the Holy Spirit speaking in the scriptures. Mt 22:29,31 Eph 2:20 Ac 28:25


Chapter 2 - Of God, and of the Holy Trinity

1) There is but one only De 6:4 1Co 8:4,6, living and true God, 1Th 1:9 Jer 10:10, who is infinite in being and perfection, Job 11:7,8,9 26:14, a most pure spirit, Joh 4:24, invisible, 1Ti 1:17, without body, parts, De 4:15,16 Joh 4:24 Lu 24:39, or passions, Ac 14:11,15, immutable, Jas 1:17 Mal 3:6, immense, 1Ki 8:27 Jer 23:23,24, eternal, Ps 90:2 1Ti 1:17, incomprehensible, Ps 145:3, almighty, Ge 17:1 Re 4:8, most wise, Ro 16:27, most holy, Isa 6:3 Re 4:8, most free, Ps 115:3, most absolute, Ex 3:14, working all things according to the counsel of his own immutable and most righteous will, Eph 1:11, for his own glory; Pr 16:4 Ro 11:36, most loving, 1Jo 4:8,16, gracious, merciful, longsuffering, abundant in goodness and truth, forgiving iniquity, transgression and sin; Ex 34:6,7, the rewarder of them that diligently seek him; Heb 11:6, and with most just and terrible in his judgments; Ne 9:32,33, hating all sin, Ps 5:5,6, and who will by no means clear the guilty. Na 1:2,3 Ex 34:7

2) God has all life, Joh 5:26, glory, Ac 7:2, goodness, Ps 119:68, blessedness, 1Ti 6:15, in and of himself; and is alone in and to himself all-sufficient, not standing in need of any of his creatures which he has made, Ac 17:24,25, not deriving any glory from them, Job 22:2,3, but only manifesting his own glory, in by, to, and upon them: He is the alone fountain of all being, of whom, through whom, and to whom, are all things; Ro 11:36, and has most sovereign dominion over them, to do by them, for them, or upon them, whatever he pleases. Re 4:11 1Ti 6:15 Da 4:25,35. In his sight all things are open and manifest; Heb 4:13, his knowledge is infinite, infallible, and independent upon the creature, Ro 11:33,34 Ps 147:5, so as nothing is to him contingent or uncertain. Ac 15:8 Eze 9:5. He is most holy in all his counsels, in all his works, and in all his commands. Ps 145:17 Ro 7:12.

To him is due from angels and men, and every other creature, whatever worship, service, or obedience, he is pleased to require of them. Re 5:12,13,14

3) In the unity of the Godhead there are three persons, of one substance, power, and eternity; God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit. 1Jo 5:7 Mt 3:16,17 28:19 2Co 13:14

The Father is of none neither begotten nor proceeding; the Son is eternally begotten of the Father; Joh 1:14,18, the Holy Spirit eternally proceeding from the Father and the Son. Joh 15:26 Ga 4:6


Chapter 3 - Of God's Eternal Decree

1) God from all eternity did, by the most wise and holy counsel of his own will, freely and unchangeably ordain whatever comes to pass: Eph 1:11 Ro 11:33 Heb 6:17 Ro 9:15,18, yet so, as thereby neither is God the author of sin, Jas 1:13,17 1Jo 1:5, nor is violence offered to the will of the creatures, nor is the liberty or contingency of second causes taken away, but rather established. Ac 2:23 Mt 17:12 Ac 4:27,28 Joh 19:11 Pr 16:33

2) Although God knows whatever may or can come to pass upon all supposed conditions; Ac 15:18 1Sa 23:11,12 Mt 11:21,23, yet he has not decreed any thing because he foresaw it as future, or as that which would come to pass upon such conditions. Ro 9:11,13,16,18

3) By the decree of God, for the manifestation of his glory, some men and angels; 1Ti 5:21 Mt 25:41, are predestinated to everlasting life, and others foreordained to everlasting death. Ro 9:22,23 Eph 1:5,6 Pr 16:4

4) These angels and men, thus predestinated and foreordained, are particularly and unchangeably designed; and their number is so certain and definite, that it cannot be either increased or diminished. 2Ti 2:19 Joh 13:18

5) Those of mankind that are predestinated to life, God before the foundation of the world was laid, according to his eternal and immutable purpose, and the secret counsel and good pleasure of his will, has chosen in Christ to everlasting glory, Eph 1:4,9,11 Ro 8:30 2Ti 1:9 1Th 5:9, out of his mere free grace and love, without any foresight of faith or good works, or perseverance in either of them, or any other thing in the creature, as conditions, or causes moving him to it; Ro 9:11,13,16 Eph 1:4,9, and all to the praise of his glorious grace. Eph 1:6,12

6) As God has appointed the elect to glory, so he has, by the eternal and most free purpose of his will, foreordained all the means to it. 1Pe 1:2 Eph 1:4,5 Eph 2:10 2Th 2:13. Therefore they who are elected being fallen in Adam, are redeemed by Christ; 1Th 5:9,10 Tit 2:14, are effectually called to faith in Christ by his Spirit working in due season; are justified, adopted, sanctified, Ro 8:30 Eph 1:5 2Th 2:13, and kept by his power through faith to salvation. 1Pe 1:5. Neither are any other redeemed by Christ, effectually called, justified, adopted, sanctified, and saved, but the elect only. Joh 17:9 Ro 8:28 Joh 6:64,65 Joh 10:26 8:47 1Jo 2:19

7) The rest of mankind, God was pleased, according to the unsearchable counsel of his own will, whereby he extends or withholds mercy as he pleases, for the glory of his sovereign power over his creatures, to pass by, and to ordain them to dishonour and wrath for their sin, to the praise of his glorious justice. Mt 11:25,26 Ro 9:17,18,21,22 2Ti 2:19,20 Jude 1:4 1Pe 2:8

8) The doctrine of this high mystery of predestination is to be handled with special prudence and care, Ro 9:20 11:33 De 29:29, that men attending the will of God revealed in his word, and yielding obedience to it, may, from the certainty of their effectual vocation, be assured of their eternal election. 2Pe 1:10. So shall this doctrine afford matter of praise, reverence, and admiration of God, Eph 1:6 Ro 11:33 and of humility, diligence, and abundant consolation, to all that sincerely obey the Gospel. # Ro 11:5,6,20 2Pe 1:10 Ro 8:33 Lu 10:20


Chapter 4 - Of Creation

1) It pleased God the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, Heb 1:2 Joh 1:2,3 Ge 1:2 Job 26:13 33:4, for the manifestation of the glory of his eternal power, wisdom, and goodness, Ro 1:20 Jer 10:12 Ps 104:24 33:5,6, in the beginning, to create, or make of nothing, the world, and all things in it, whether visible or invisible, in the space of six normal consecutive days, and all very good. Ge 1:1-31 Heb 11:3 Col 1:16 Ac 17:24 Ex 20:9,11

2) After God had made all other creatures, he created man, male and female, Ge 1:27, with reasonable and immortal souls, Ge 2:7 Ec 12:7 Lu 23:43 Mt 10:28 endued with knowledge, righteousness, and true holiness, after his own image, Ge 1:26 Col 3:10 Eph 4:24 having the law of God written in their hearts, Ro 2:14,15 and power to fulfil it; Ec 7:29, and yet under a possibility of transgressing, being left to the liberty of their own will, which was subject to change. Ge 3:6 Ec 7:29. Beside this law written in their hearts, they received a command not to eat of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil; Ge 2:17 3:8-11,23, which while they kept, they were happy in their communion with God, and had dominion over the creatures. Ge 1:26,28.


Chapter 5 - Of Providence

1) God, the great Creator of all things, does uphold, Heb 1:3, direct, dispose, and govern all creatures, actions and things, Da 4:34,35 Ps 135:6 Ac 17:25,26,28 Job 38:1-41:34, from the greatest even to the least, Mt 10:29-31, by his most wise and holy providence, Pr 15:3 Ps 104:24 145:17, according to his infallible foreknowledge, Ac 15:18 Ps 94:8-11, and the free and immutable counsel of his own will, Eph 1:11 Ps 33:10,11, to the praise of the glory of his wisdom, power, justice, goodness and mercy. Isa 63:14 Eph 3:10 Ro 9:17 Ge 45:7 Ps 145:7

2) Although, in relation to the foreknowledge and decree of God, the first cause, all things come to pass immutably and infallibly; Ac 2:23, yet, by the same providence, he orders them to fall out according to the nature of second causes, either necessarily, freely, or contingently. Ge 8:22 Jer 31:35 Ex 21:13 De 19:5 1Ki 22:28,34 Isa 10:6,7

3) God in his ordinary providence makes use of means Ac 27:31,44 Isa 55:10,11 Ho 2:21,22, yet is free to work without, Ho 1:7 Mt 4:4 Job 34:10, above, Ro 4:19-21, and against them, 2Ki 6:6 Da 3:27, at his pleasure.

4) The almighty power, unsearchable wisdom, and infinite goodness of God, so far manifest themselves in his providence, that it extends itself even to the first fall, and all other sins of angels and men, Ro 11:32-34 2Sa 24:1 1Ch 21:1 1Ki 22:22,23 1Ch 10:4,13,14 2Sa 16:10 Ac 2:23 4:27,28, and that not by a bare permission, Ac 14:16, but such as has joined with it a most wise and powerful bounding, Ps 76:10 2Ki 19:28, and otherwise ordering and governing of them, in a manifold dispensation, to his own holy ends; Ge 50:20 Isa 10:6,7,12, yet so as the sinfulness of it proceeds only from the creature, and not from God; who, being most holy and righteous, neither is nor can be the author or approver of sin. Jas 1:13,14,17 1Jo 2:16 Ps 50:21

5) The most wise, righteous, and gracious God, does oftentimes leave for a season his own children to manifold temptations, and the corruption of their own hearts, to chastise them for their former sins, or to discover to them the hidden strength of corruption, and deceitfulness of their hearts, that they may be humbled; 2Ch 32:25,26,31 2Sa 24:1, and to raise them to a more close and constant dependence for their support upon himself, and to make them more watchful against all future occasions of sin, and for various other just and holy ends. 2Co 12:7,8,9 Ps 73:1-28 77:1,10,12 Mr 14:66-72 Joh 21:15 Joh 21:16,17

6) As for those wicked and ungodly men, whom God as a righteous judge, for former sins, does blind and harden, Ro 1:24,26,28 Ro 11:7,8, from them he not only withholds his grace, whereby they might have been enlightened in their understandings, and wrought upon in their hearts; De 29:4, but sometimes also withdraws the gifts which they had, Mt 13:12 25:29, and exposes them to such objects as their corruption makes occasion of sin; De 2:30 2Ki 8:12,13, and moreover, gives them over to their own lusts, the temptations of the world, and the power of Satan: Ps 81:11,12 2Th 2:10,11,12, whereby it comes to pass, that they harden themselves, even under those means which God uses for the softening of others. Ex 7:3 8:15,32 2Co 2:15,16 Isa 8:14 1Pe 2:7,8 Isa 6:9,10 Ac 28:26,27

7) As the providence of God does, in general, reach to all creatures; so, after a most special manner, it takes care of his church, and disposes all things to good of it. 1Ti 4:10 Am 9:8,9 Ro 8:28 Isa 43:3,4,5,14

Chapter 6 - Of the Fall of Man, of Sin, and of its Punishment

1) Our first parents being seduced by the subtilty and temptation of Satan, sinned in eating the forbidden fruit. Ge 3:13 2Co 11:3. This their sin God was pleased, according to his wise and holy counsel, to permit, having purposed to order it to his own glory. Ro 11:32

2) By this sin they fell from their original righteousness, and communion with God, Ge 3:6-8 Ec 7:29 Ro 3:23, and so became dead in sin, Ge 2:17 Eph 2:1, and wholly defiled in all the faculties and parts of soul and body. Tit 1:15 Ge 6:5 Jer 17:9 Ro 3:10-18

3) They being the root of all mankind, the guilt of this sin was imputed, Ge 1:27,28 2:16,17 Ac 17:26 Ro 5:12,15-19 1Co 15:21,22,45,49, and the same death in sin and corrupted nature conveyed to all their posterity, descending from them by ordinary generation. Ps 51:5 Ge 5:3 Job 14:4 15:14

4) From this original corruption, whereby we are utterly indisposed disabled, and made opposite to all good, Ro 5:6 8:7 7:18 Col 1:21, and wholly inclined to all evil, Ge 6:5 8:21 Ro 3:10-12, do proceed all actual transgressions. Jas 1:14,15 Eph 2:2,3 Mt 15:19

5) This corruption of nature, during this life, does remain in those that are regenerated: 1Jo 1:8,10 Ro 7:14,17,18,23 Jas 3:2 Pr 20:9 Ec 7:20, and although it be through Christ pardoned and mortified, yet both itself, and all its motions, are truly and properly sin. Ro 7:5,7,8,25 Ga 5:17

6) Every sin, both original and actual, being a transgression of the righteous law of God, and contrary to it, 1Jo 3:4, does, in its own nature, bring guilt upon the sinner, Ro 2:15 3:9,19, whereby he is bound over to the wrath of God, Eph 2:3, and curse of the law, Ga 3:10, and so made subject to death, Ro 6:23, with all miseries spiritual, Eph 4:18, temporal, Ro 8:20 La 3:39, and eternal. Mt 25:41 2Th 1:9


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